Inflammation and preterm birth

Cappelletti, Monica; Bella, Silvia Della; Ferrazzi, Enrico; Mavilio, Domenico; Divanovic, Senad

doi:10.1189/jlb.3mr0615-272rr

Cited by 252 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Interestingly, intra-amniotic administration of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) alone (i.e. without any bacteria) can induce preterm labor in pregnant nonhuman primates [47], and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) drive infection-associated preterm birth in humans (reviewed in [48] & [9]). Thus, placental inflammation induced by bacterial infection is likely a critical component of infection-associated preterm birth.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Gbs Infection During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infections: Virulence Factors, Immunity, and Prevention Strategies

Vornhagen

Waldorf

Rajagopal

2017

Trends in Microbiology

122

112

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Summary Group B Streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae are β-hemolytic, Gram-positive bacteria that are a leading cause of neonatal infections. GBS commonly colonize the lower gastrointestinal and genital tracts and during pregnancy, neonates are at risk for infection. Although intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis during labor and delivery has decreased the incidence of early onset neonatal infection, these measures do not prevent ascending infection that can occur earlier in pregnancy leading to preterm births, stillbirths, or late onset neonatal infections. Prevention of GBS infection in pregnancy is complex and likely influenced by multiple factors including pathogenicity, host factors, vaginal microbiome, false negative screening, and/or changes in antibiotic resistance. A deeper understanding of mechanisms of GBS infections during pregnancy will facilitate the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. Here, we summarize and discuss important advancements in our understanding of GBS vaginal colonization, ascending infection and preterm birth.

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Section: Mechanisms For Gbs Infection During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infections: Virulence Factors, Immunity, and Prevention Strategies

Vornhagen

Waldorf

Rajagopal

2017

Trends in Microbiology

122

112

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“…23 Los resultados de esta investigación indican que en embarazadas asintomáticas durante el segundo trimestre las concentraciones cervicovaginales de prolactina son útiles para discriminar qué pacientes están en riesgo de parto pretérmino. Debido al fácil acceso y realización, la alta sensibilidad y especificidad, los marcadores bioquímicos y en este caso la prolactina, se pueden utilizar en la predicción y estratificación del riesgo de esta condición.…”

Section: I S C U S I ó Nunclassified

Prolactina cervicovaginal en la predicción de parto pretérmino

et al. 2018

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Objetivo: establecer la utilidad de las concentraciones cervicovaginales de prolactina en el segundo trimestre para la predicción del parto pretérmino. Métodos: las muestras cervicovaginales se tomaron entre 24 y 28 semanas de embarazo. Todos los embarazos fueron seguidos hasta el parto y divididos en grupos A (parto pretérmino) y B (parto a término). Se evaluaron las características generales, concentraciones séricas de prolactina y eficacia pronóstica. Resultados: la edad gestacional al momento de la determinación de la toma de muestra cervicovaginal fue de 26,2 +/- 1,1 semanas para el grupo A y 25,9 +/- 1,1 semanas para el B (p = ns). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la edad materna, índice de masa corporal y antecedentes de parto pretérmino (p = ns). Las pacientes del grupo A (1,6 +/- 0,8 ng/mL) presentaron concentraciones cervicovaginales significativas más altas de prolactina comparadas con las del grupo B (0,5 +/- 0,3 ng/mL; p < 0,0001). Un valor de corte de 1 ng/mL presentó un valor por debajo de la curva de 0,87 con sensibilidad 73,1%, especificidad 91,6%, valor predictivo positivo 44,7% y valor predictivo negativo 97,3%. Conclusión: las concentraciones cervicovaginales de prolactina son útiles en la predicción del parto pretérmino.

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“…9,10 Therefore, specific balance between maternal pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines throughout pregnancy is believed to be critical for the success of a pregnancy and favourable birth outcomes. 11 The normal variation, however, in the magnitude of these immunologic changes during pregnancy has not been fully defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of maternal immune response with MeHg exposure at 28 weeks’ gestation in the Seychelles Child Development Study

McSorley

Yeates

Mulhern

et al. 2018

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem: Maternal methylmercury (MeHg) exposure may be associated with immune response during pregnancy. Method of Study: In the high fish-eating Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2, we examined the association of maternal MeHg, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and immune markers (Th1:Th2; TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-ϒ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, MCP-1, TARC, SFlt-1, VEGFD, CRP and IL-6) at 28 weeks gestation. Linear regression examined associations between MeHg exposure and immune markers with and without adjustment for PUFA. Results: In all models, as MeHg concentrations increased the Th1:Th2 ratio, total Th1 and individual Th1 (IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α) concentrations decreased. MeHg was not associated with total Th2 cytokines but was associated with a decrease in IL-4 and IL-10. MeHg was positively associated with TARC and VEGFD and negatively associated with CRP. There was a significant interaction between MeHg and the n-6:n-3 ratio, with MeHg associated with a larger decrease in Th1:Th2 at higher n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios. The n-3 PUFA were associated with lower CRP, IL-4 and higher IFN-γ. The n-6 PUFA were associated with higher IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, CRP and IL-6. Conclusion: Maternal MeHg was associated with markers of immune function at 28 weeks gestation. A significant interaction between MeHg and the n-6:n-3 ratio on the Th1:Th2 ratio suggests that the n-3 PUFA may mitigate any immunosuppressive associations of MeHg. The n-3 and n-6 PUFA were associated with suppressive and stimulatory immune responses, respectively. Overall, the associations were of small magnitude and further research is required to determine the clinical significance.

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Inflammation and preterm birth

Cited by 252 publications

References 158 publications

Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infections: Virulence Factors, Immunity, and Prevention Strategies

Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infections: Virulence Factors, Immunity, and Prevention Strategies

Prolactina cervicovaginal en la predicción de parto pretérmino

Associations of maternal immune response with MeHg exposure at 28 weeks’ gestation in the Seychelles Child Development Study

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