Inflammation and Gut Motility; Neural Control of Intestinal Immune Cell Activation

Jonge, Wouter J. de; Zanden, Esmerij P. van der; Wijngaard, René M. van den; Boeckxstaens, Guy E.

doi:10.1097/01.scs.0000180287.58988.86

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast, Mueller et al could show that vagal inhibition of the intestinal immune response is present at 9 h but not detectable earlier after IM (56). All in all, although the improved gastrointestinal and CT might be explained by an altered immunological activity, our findings do not exclude the contribution of neuronal signals to the postoperative ileus (2,14,42).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The role of lymphoid tissue in the attenuation of the postoperative ileus

Koscielny

Engel

Maurer

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Standardized intestinal manipulation (IM) leads to local bowel wall inflammation subsequently spreading over the entire gastrointestinal tract. Previously, we demonstrated that this so-called gastrointestinal field effect (FE) is immune-mediated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of secondary lymphoid organs [mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)] in IM-mediated FE by employing mice with deficient secondary lymphoid organs (aly/aly, MLN ex) or by administration of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (FTY720), an immunomodulating agent that inhibits emigration of lymphocytes out of lymphoid organs. Small bowel muscularis, and colonic muscularis from wild-type mice as control, from aly/aly mice, FTY720-treated mice (daily dose of 1.0 mg/kg mouse ip starting 3 days before surgical procedure), and wild-type mice that had undergone removal of mesenteric lymph nodes before IM (MLN ex mice) were obtained after selective IM of the jejunum or sham operation. FE was analyzed by measuring transit time of orally administered fluorescent dextran in the gastrointestinal tract [geometric center (GC) of fluorescent dextran], colonic transit time, infiltration of myeloperoxidase-positive cells, and circular smooth muscle contractility. Furthermore, mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α] were determined by Taqman-PCR. We observed a significantly reduced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α) in colonic muscularis of MLN ex mice, aly/aly mice, and FTY720-treated mice compared with wild-type mice. Contractility of circular muscularis strips of the colon but not the jejunum was significantly improved in aly/aly mice and FTY720-treated wild-type mice. Additionally, inflammation of the colon determined by the number of myeloperoxidase-positive cells and colonic transit time were significantly improved in aly/aly mice, FTY720-treated wild-type mice, and in MLN ex mice. In summary, lack of secondary lymphoid organs (MLN + GALT) in aly/aly mice or administration of FTY720 abrogated FE after IM as opposed to wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that secondary lymphoid organs are involved in the propagation of FE and postoperative ileus. FTY720 indirectly affects FE by inhibiting migration of activated T cells from the jejunum and adjacent secondary lymphoid organs to the colon. These findings support the crucial role of the adaptive immune system in FE, most likely by a sphyngosine 1-phosphate-dependent mechanism.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The role of lymphoid tissue in the attenuation of the postoperative ileus

Koscielny

Engel

Maurer

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…(2) Neurohormones, for example, nitirc oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, and opioids [32][33][34]; (3) Inflammatory response in the muscularis layer of the gut [15,17,35,36]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-helper cell type 1 memory cells and postoperative ileus in the entire gut

Koscielny

Kalff

2011

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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“…Although the precise mechanism of POI is not completely understood, it is known that the impairment of GI motility induced by surgery is the result of multiple causes including stimulation of afferent neurons and consequent activation of noradrenergic, nonadrenergic-noncholinegic (NANC) [29] and tachykinergic [30] neuronal pathways as well as the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response [31][32][33]. Recent studies suggest that ghrelin agonists may overcome ileus via a direct anti-inflammatory activity in the gastric mucosa [34] and by stimulating excitatory motility pathways, including direct modulation of tachykinergic neurons [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokinetic Effects of a New Ghrelin Receptor Agonist TZP-101 in a Rat Model of Postoperative Ileus

Venkova

Fraser²,

Hoveyda³

et al. 2007

Dig Dis Sci

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Postoperative ileus (POI) is a major cause of postoperative complications and prolonged hospitalization. Ghrelin, which is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been found to stimulate gastric motility and accelerate gastric emptying. The present study investigates whether TZP-101 (0.03-1 mg/kg i.v.), a synthetic ghrelin-receptor agonist, could improve gastrointestinal transit in rats with POI. Since the main factors for the development of POI are the surgical manipulation and the gastrointestinal effects of opioid-receptor agonists used for pain management, the effect of TZP-101 was investigated in rats subjected to surgery, to morphine treatment (3 mg/kg s.c.), or to a combination of both. The results showed that TZP-101 is equally effective against the delayed gastrointestinal transit induced by surgery, by morphine, or by the combination of both interventions. The prokinetic action of TZP-101 was more pronounced in the stomach compared to the small intestine.

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Inflammation and Gut Motility; Neural Control of Intestinal Immune Cell Activation

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

The role of lymphoid tissue in the attenuation of the postoperative ileus

The role of lymphoid tissue in the attenuation of the postoperative ileus

T-helper cell type 1 memory cells and postoperative ileus in the entire gut

Prokinetic Effects of a New Ghrelin Receptor Agonist TZP-101 in a Rat Model of Postoperative Ileus

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