Inflammaging and Cancer: A Challenge for the  Mediterranean Diet

Ostan, Rita; Lanzarini, Catia; Pini, Elisa; Scurti, Maria; Vianello, Dario; Bertarelli, Claudia; Fabbri, Cristina; Izzi, Massimo; Palmas, Giustina; Biondi, Fiammetta; Martucci, Morena; Bellavista, Elena; Salvioli, Stefano; Capri, Miriam; Franceschi, Claudio; Santoro, Aurelia

doi:10.3390/nu7042589

Cited by 165 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…In humans, the Mediterranean diet, which is generally composed of a high consumption of fish, vegetables, fruits, and legumes and a lower consumption of saturated fats and animal fats, is associated with a reduction in the risk of cancer (see study by Ostan et al [59] for review). Conversely, some diets are purported to contribute to the increased risk of cancer.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial role of anti-inflammatory dietary ingredients in attenuating markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in aging

Panickar¹,

Jewell²

2015

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Aging in humans is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation (systemic), and this condition is sometimes referred to as "inflammaging". In general, canines also age similarly to humans, and such aging is associated with a decline in mobility, joint problems, weakened muscles and bones, reduced lean body mass, cancer, increased dermatological problems, decline in cognitive ability, reduced energy, decreased immune function, decreased renal function, and urinary incontinence. Each of these conditions is also associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. An inflammatory state characterized by an increase in pro-inflammatory markers including but not restricted to tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, IL-1β, and C-reactive protein (CRP) is believed to contribute to or worsen a general decline in biological mechanisms responsible for physical function with aging. Nutritional management of inflammation in aging dogs is important in maintaining health. In particular, natural botanicals have bioactive components that appear to have robust anti-inflammatory effects and, when included in the diet, may contribute to a reduction in inflammation. While there are scientific data to support the anti-inflammatory effects and the efficacy of such bioactive molecules from botanicals, the clinical data are limited and more studies are needed to validate the efficacy of these ingredients. This review will summarize the role of dietary ingredients in reducing inflammatory molecules as well as review the evidence available to support the role of diet and nutrition in reducing chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in animal and human studies with a special reference to canines, where possible.

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Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial role of anti-inflammatory dietary ingredients in attenuating markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in aging

Panickar¹,

Jewell²

2015

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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“…Low-grade inflammation correlates with a set of chronic conditions [1,2] such as obesity [3], diabetes [3,4], cardiovascular diseases [5,6] and cancer [7,8]. This association has also been found in youth for obesity [9][10][11], central obesity [12,13], metabolic syndrome [14,15], atherosclerosis [16], and several other cardiovascular risk factors [10,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents from LabMed physical activity study

et al. 2017

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Background/objectives The dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a tool to measure the diet's inflammatory potential and has been used with adults to predict low-grade inflammation. The present study aims to assess whether this dietary score predicts low-grade inflammation in adolescents.Subjects/methods The sample comprises 329 adolescents (55.9% girls), aged 12-18 years, from LabMed Physical Activity Study. DII score was calculated based on a food-frequency questionnaire and categorized into tertiles. We collected blood samples to determine the follow inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), complement component 3 (C3), and 4 (C4). In addition we calculated an overall inflammatory biomarker score. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were computed from binary logistic regression models.Results DII score, comparing first with third tertile, was positively associated with IL-6 in crude model (OR = 1.88, 95% CI:1.09-3.24, p trend = 0.011) and in fully adjusted (for biological and lifestyle variables) (OR = 3.38, 95%CI:1.24-9.20, p trend = 0.023). Also, DII score was positively associated with C4, when fully adjusted (OR = 3.12, 95%CI:1.21-8.10, p trend = 0.016). DII score was negatively associated with C3 in crude model, comparing first with second but not with third tertile, and no significant associations in fully adjusted model were observed, although a trend was found (OR = 1.71, 95% CI:0.63-4.66, p trend = 0.044). No significant associations were observed between DII score and CRP. However, DII score was positively associated with the overall inflammatory biomarker score, when fully adjusted (OR = 5.61, 95% CI:2.00-15.78, p trend = 0.002).Conclusions DII score can be useful to assess the diet's inflammatory potential and its association with low-grade inflammation in adolescents.

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“…However, the consumption of nutritive foods, such as those comprising the Mediterranean diet, has become a popular approach to mitigating cancer risk (5). The Mediterranean diet is composed mainly of vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, olive oil, unsaturated fats, and a moderate amount of red wine (6). These whole foods contain a variety of polyphenols and plant bioactive compounds that have modifying activities against inflammation, tumorigenesis, and atherogenesis (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mediterranean diet is composed mainly of vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, olive oil, unsaturated fats, and a moderate amount of red wine (6). These whole foods contain a variety of polyphenols and plant bioactive compounds that have modifying activities against inflammation, tumorigenesis, and atherogenesis (6). While dietary patterns undoubtedly exert a powerful effect on the gut microbiome (7), there is accumulating evidence that among the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet is the ability to positively impact the composition of the gut microbiota (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Walnut Consumption on Colon Carcinogenesis and Microbial Community Structure

Nakanishi

Chen

Qendro

et al. 2016

Cancer Prevention Research

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Walnuts are composed of a complex array of biologically active constituents with individual cancer-protective properties. Here, we assessed the potential benefit of whole walnut consumption in a mouse tumor bioassay using azoxymethane. In study 1, a modest reduction (1.3-fold) in tumor numbers was observed in mice fed a standard diet (AIN-76A) containing 9.4% walnuts (15% of total fat). In study 2, the effects of walnut supplementation was tested in the Total Western Diet (TWD). There was a significant reduction (2.3-fold; P < 0.02) in tumor numbers in male mice fed TWD containing 7% walnuts (10.5% of total fat). Higher concentrations of walnuts lacked inhibitory effects, particularly in female mice, indicating there may be optimal levels of dietary walnut intake for cancer prevention. Since components of the Mediterranean diet have been shown to affect the gut microbiome, the effects of walnuts were therefore tested in fecal samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Carcinogen treatment reduced the diversity and richness of the gut microbiome, especially in male mice, which exhibited lower variability and greater sensitivity to environmental changes. Analysis of individual operational taxonomic units (OTU) identified specific groups of bacteria associated with carcinogen exposure, walnut consumption, and/or both variables. Correlation analysis also identified specific OTU clades that were strongly associated with the presence and number of tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that walnuts afford partial protection to the colon against a potent carcinogenic insult, and this may be due, in part, to walnut-induced changes to the gut microbiome. Cancer Prev Res; 9(8); 692–703. ©2016 AACR.

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Inflammaging and Cancer: A Challenge for the Mediterranean Diet

Cited by 165 publications

References 219 publications

The beneficial role of anti-inflammatory dietary ingredients in attenuating markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in aging

The beneficial role of anti-inflammatory dietary ingredients in attenuating markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in aging

Dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents from LabMed physical activity study

Effects of Walnut Consumption on Colon Carcinogenesis and Microbial Community Structure

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