Infiluence of Polymer Structure on High Resiliency Urethane Foams

Seefried, C.G.; Whitman, R. Douglas; Pollart, D.F.

doi:10.1177/0021955x7401000403

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The conventional polyol consists of a 5000 Mn Poly(oxypropylene-oxyethylene) triol capped to a primary hydroxyl content of approximately 75 percent. As noted in previous studies [3,5] increasing levels of polymer-polyol in a high resiliency foam formulation significantly increases the load-bearing capability of the resultant molded foams. Figure 1 shows this effect for NIAX Polyol 34-28 over a typical concentration range employed for most automotive seating applications.…”

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confidence: 54%

“…At index levels in excess of the stoichiometric amount, the increased concentration of reactive isocyanate groups is more than sufficient to complete the urea/isocyanate reactions, and can also provide secondary allophonate and biuret cross- physical properties of high resiliency foams. [5] Figure 3 shows that a variation in the index level of NIAX Isocyanate SF-58 from 10 percent below to 10 percent above the stoichiometric requirement has an influence on the load-bearing characteristics of the molded foam. Over this range of isocyanate index level, the ILD properties of the foams increase, while the density of the molded products decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

Patten¹,

Seefried²

1976

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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IntroductionIn the United States the principal market for molded, flexible urethane foam is the transportation industry, with a major share being consumed by automotive seating applications. The development of molded, high resiliency foam technology coincided with a major investment by automotive manufacturers in new seating designs. This marked change in the design and construction of automotive seats resulted in a significant increase in the amount of flexible foam required per cushion.[1 ] High resiliency flexible foam has become synonymous with a quality seating material. These foams possess outstanding cushioning and resiliency properties normally associated with good latex rubber foam.[2] The use of polyether polyols with increased reactivity provides several processing advantages for high resiliency foams. Because molded foams cure much faster than that attained with earlier systems based on less reactive polyols, a substantial savings in time and energy is realized.The processing characteristics, as well as physical properties, of molded, high resiliency foams are substantially improved by the use of polymer-polyols. [3] This specialty class of polyols allows for precise control of foam load-bearing properties over a wide range, which is necessary for the requirements of various automotive seating applications. This increase in foam load-bearing occurs without substantial alteration of other physical properties related to comfort, durability and low temperature flexibility. In addition, the demold and handling characteristics of these foams are improved dramatically by the unique ability of polymer-polyols to provide a more open and breathable product.Earlier work has shown that the load-bearing properties of high resiliency foam can be altered by various formulating techniques. [3, 41 In these studies it is demonstrated how the combination of both formulating and mechanical processing tech-niques can be utilized to broaden the range of foam hardness. Formulating and mechanical changes, which affected the load-bearing properties of high resiliency foams were also evaluated with regard to the crushing and breathability characteristics of cushions at demold. ExperimentalMolded, high resiliency, flexible foams were prepared with standard laboratory formulation techniques. Test samples were produced in a 15&dquo; X 15&dquo; X 4-3/4&dquo; aluminum mold with either 1 /4&dquo; or 1/16&dquo; vent holes depending upon the degree of &dquo;packing&dquo; needed. The mold was preheated to 120°F, tightly clamped after introduction of the foam ingredients, allowed to remain at ambient conditions for two minutes and finally, to minimize heat losses, was placed in an air-convection oven at 250°F for six minutes. Molded foam samples made specifically for physical property evaluations were crushed twice immediately upon demold and allowed to cure for seven days at controlled ambient conditions. Physical properties were determined in accordance with ASTM D-2406-73, &dquo;Standard Methods of Testing Molded Flexible Urethane ...

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confidence: 54%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

Patten¹,

Seefried²

1976

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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“…Polymer-polyols were developed to increase the modulus of urethane polymers and, hence, enhance the load-bearing capabilities of flexible foams without raising densities (3)(4)(5). In addition, it has been shown that they also provide excellent cell-opening efficiency and act as a distinct processing aid (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulating Principles For High-Density, High-Resilience Slabstock Urethane Foam

Patten¹,

Seefried²,

Whitman³

1977

Journal of Cellular Plastics

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Foamed Plastics

Suh

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This article is concerned with the general theory of expansion, manufacturing processes, properties, and applications of foamed (cellular) plastics. The high strength‐to‐weight ratio, excellent insulating properties, and cushioning properties of cellular plastics have contributed to the development and growth of the broad range of cellular plastics in use. The total usage of foamed plastics in the United States has risen from 441 thousand metric tons in 1967 to 1.6 million metric tons in 1982 and has been projected to rise to about 2.8 million metric tons in 1995. The manufacturing processes for cellular polymers are described in terms of three classified methods based on the cell growth and stabilization processes. The properties of cellular plastics including mechanical, thermal, electrical, and environmental aging properties, are summarized. A general discussion is given on the properties of cellular plastic necessary in many applications such as the comfort cushioning, thermal insulation, packaging, structural components, buoyancy, electrical insulation, and space‐filling markets. A brief discussion is also given on the process economics, raw materials, and energy considerations for the commercial products of primary importance.

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Infiluence of Polymer Structure on High Resiliency Urethane Foams

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

High Resiliency Urethane Foams for Automotive Seating Applications

Formulating Principles For High-Density, High-Resilience Slabstock Urethane Foam

Foamed Plastics

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