Infiltration rate measurements in arid soils with surface crust

Al‐Qinna, Mohammed; Abu-Awwad, A. M.

doi:10.1007/s002710050048

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This fast drying may eventually reduce the rate of further evaporation, as was observed experimentally by Bresler and Kemper (1970)(and Jones et al (1994) Considering infiltration during subsequent wetting, longer ponding times and higher postponding infiltration rates are simulated, as the drying interval between the rainfall events is longer. These results are in agreement with laboratory observations and field experiments (Morin and Benyamini, 1977; Le Bissonnais and Singer, 1992; Fattah and Upadhyaya, 1996; Al‐Qinna and Abu‐Awwad, 1998). As long as the seal hydraulic properties are not affected by relatively short drying periods, the effect of the drying interval is significant only during the early stage of the rainfall events.…”

Section: Modeling Flow Processes In Sealed Soils and During Seal Formsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Consequently, the resulting effect of the initial water content on the infiltration rate remained practically unaffected by the rainfall duration, and the steady final infiltration rate increased as the initial water content decreased. However, laboratory and field experiments indicate that the effect of the drying interval on the infiltration rate diminishes with the rainfall duration, and that after a long exposure to rainfall, the measured infiltration rates obtained in the cases of different drying intervals seem to be practically similar (Morin and Benyamini, 1977; Le Bissonnais and Singer, 1992; Fattah and Upadhyaya, 1996; Al‐Qinna and Abu‐Awwad, 1998). A more realistic simulation of the effect of the initial water content necessitates the ability to simulate the drying process in the interval between the successive rainfall events.…”

Section: Modeling Flow Processes In Sealed Soils and During Seal Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall‐Induced Soil Surface Sealing: A Critical Review of Observations, Conceptual Models, and Solutions

Assouline

2004

Vadose Zone Journal

219

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Rainfall‐induced soil surface sealing can have severe agricultural, hydrological, and environmental effects. Seal formation is a complex phenomenon dominated by a wide variety of factors involving soil properties, rainfall characteristics, and flow conditions. It has been studied through extensive experimental investigations as well as simulation models. This study reviews some of the main issues, in terms of morphology, phenomenology, and both conceptual and empirical modeling approaches to improve our perception of the phenomenon and our ability to simulate its effects on flow processes. The effects of different factors on infiltration during seal formation and in sealed soil profiles are highlighted, including seal representation, soil and rainfall properties, and field heterogeneity. New research opportunities toward a generalized formulation of the processes involved in soil sealing and a reliable quantitative prediction of its effects on flow processes are identified. These are related mainly to the ability to quantify and predict the relationships between soil hydraulic properties and physical, chemical, and biological factors that affect the soil resistance to destruction.

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Section: Modeling Flow Processes In Sealed Soils and During Seal Formsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Modeling Flow Processes In Sealed Soils and During Seal Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall‐Induced Soil Surface Sealing: A Critical Review of Observations, Conceptual Models, and Solutions

Assouline

2004

Vadose Zone Journal

219

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“…Interrill erosion is dominated by raindrop impact, usually leading to soil crusting. The compacted soil layer decreases the permeability of the soil and increases runoff generation (Al‐Qinna and Awwad, ; Carmi and Berliner, ). When the shear stress of runoff is larger than soil resistance (Loch, ; Gover et al ., ; Knapen et al ., ; Shi et al ., ), a rill develops (Léonard et al ., ), which leads to a higher water infiltration rate and more soil loss (Poesen,; Fox et al ., ; Shi et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of rainfall and slope on runoff, soil erosion and rill development: an experimental study using two loess soils

Fang

Sun

Tang

2014

Hydrological Processes

128

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Abstract:Runoff generation and soil loss from slopes have been studied for decades, but the relationships among runoff, soil loss and rill development are still not well understood. In this paper, rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in two neighbouring plots (scale: 1 m by 5 m) with four varying slopes (17.6%, 26.8%, 36.4% and 46.6%) and two rainfall intensities (90 and 120 mm h À1 ) using two loess soils. Data on rill development were extracted from the digital elevation models by means of photogrammetry. The effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on runoff, soil loss and rill development were different for the two soils. The runoff and soil loss from the Anthrosol surface were generally higher than those from the Calcaric Cambisol surface. Higher rainfall intensity produced less runoff and more sediment for almost each treatment. With increasing slope gradient, the values of cumulative runoff and soil loss peaked, except for the treatments with 90 mm h À1 rainfall on the slopes with Anthrosol. With rainfall duration, runoff discharge decreased for Anthrosol and increased for Calcaric Cambisol for almost all the treatments. For both soils, sediment concentration was very high at the onset of rainfall and decreased quickly. Almost all the sediment concentrations increased on the 17.6% and 26.8% slopes and peaked on the 36.4% and 46.6% slopes. Sediment concentrations were higher on the Anthrosol slopes than on the Calcaric Cambisol slopes. At 90 mm h À1 rainfall intensity, increasingly denser rills appeared on the Anthrosol slope as the slope gradient increased, while only steep slopes (36.4% and 46.6%) developed rills for the Calcaric Cambisol soil. The contributions of rill erosion ranged from 36% to 62% of the cumulative soil losses for Anthrosol, while the maximum contribution of rill erosion to the cumulative soil loss was only 37.9% for Calcaric Cambisol.

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“…The low infiltration capacity is largely associated with surface structure collapse and pore blockage on wetting, resulting in reduced infiltration rate. The presence of layers of low permeability within the profile and an inherent platy-type structure restrict downward water movement (Abu- Awwad, 1997;Abu-Awwad & Shatanawi, 1997;Al-Qinna & Abu-Awwad, 1998a, 1998b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of supplemental irrigation and soil surface furrowing on barley yield in arid areas affected by surface crust

Abu-Awwad

Kharabsheh

2000

Journal of Arid Environments

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Infiltration rate measurements in arid soils with surface crust

Cited by 36 publications

References 3 publications

Rainfall‐Induced Soil Surface Sealing: A Critical Review of Observations, Conceptual Models, and Solutions

Rainfall‐Induced Soil Surface Sealing: A Critical Review of Observations, Conceptual Models, and Solutions

Effects of rainfall and slope on runoff, soil erosion and rill development: an experimental study using two loess soils

Influence of supplemental irrigation and soil surface furrowing on barley yield in arid areas affected by surface crust

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