Infiltration into crusted soils

Philip, J. R.

doi:10.1029/98wr01207

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As demonstrated by the pioneering works of Duley (1939), surface crusts reduced soil infiltration capacity. This result has been supported by early works (McIntyre, 1958;Tuckett and Pearson, 1965) and recently, by several laboratory and field experiments that found evidence of change in matric potential following soil surface crusting (Sharma et al, 1981;Morin et al, 1981;Chiang et al, 1993;Philip, 1998) and, lower hydraulic conductivity on the surface crust compared to the underlying soil material (Vandervaere et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Because of the large pores and cracks and the gradual evolution at the surface of the silty clay loam soil, no significant decrease of hydraulic conductivity was observed at the early stages of crust formation. The difference between hydraulic conductivity of the sub-crust and the decreasing hydraulic conductivity of the soil crusted layer is responsible for the negative pressure head that developed below the surface of both soils (Sharma et al, 1981;Morin et al, 1981;Chiang et al, 1993;Philip, 1998). This development of negative pressure head below the crust is also a factor of crust development as it favours soil particle consolidation (Segeren and Trout, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dynamic evolution of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a developing crust

Issa

Cousin

Bissonnais

et al. 2004

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Understanding the evolution of hydraulic parameters during the different stages of crust formation is necessary to predict infiltration in crusted soil. However, only a few studies have focused on the dynamics of parameters that control infiltration through a developing crust. This study reports the results of laboratory experiments carried out with a specific device, the drip infiltrometer, which enables a crust to form at the surface, and the evolution of the pressure head and the hydraulic conductivity of the soil horizon underneath the crust to be followed simultaneously. Two soils of different susceptibility to crusting were used in the experiments: a silt loam and a silty clay loam of the Bassin de Paris (France). The results show matric potential in the unsaturated range developing below the surface from the early stage of crust formation. The values of matric potential show an increasing trend from the early stage of crust formation and at the late stage respectively for the silt loam and the silty clay loam soils. The hydraulic conductivity of the sub-crust shows significant changes from the early stage for the silt loam soil, but only at the final stages for the silty clay loam. The initial value of the hydraulic conductivity of the sub-crust drops by more than 50 per cent for silt loam compared to about 35 per cent for silty clay loam. The decrease of hydraulic conductivity beneath the surface crust is related to the changes in the soil matrix, induced by the migration of particles detached from aggregate breakdown. The different stages of crust formation were characterized by the variation of the unsaturated conductance of the soil crusted layer, calculated from the relationship between the flux density through the crust and the sub-crust pressure head. The results revealed rapid sealing at the surface of the silty loam soil, whereas sealing occurs gradually at the surface of the silty clay loam. The difference in the susceptibility to crusting and the difference in moisture characteristics between the two soils are probably the causes of the contrast in temporal variation of the sub-crust matric potential.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dynamic evolution of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a developing crust

Issa

Cousin

Bissonnais

et al. 2004

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Variations and extensions of this basic approach included the simulation of infiltration with time-dependent seal HCFs [Farrell and Larson, 1972;Whisler et al, 1979;Moore, 1981b;Ahuja, 1983;Brakensiek and Rawls, 1983;Chu et al, 1986;Vandervaere et al, 1998]. Philip [1998] concluded that the Green and Ampt solution is ill-fitted to the analysis of infiltration into crusted soils and suggested that the flux-concentration method [Philip, 1973] should be more appropriate. An additional conceptual model, based on the model of Corradini et al [1997], was suggested by Smith et al [1999].…”

Section: Infiltration In Heterogeneous Soil Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltration into soils: Conceptual approaches and solutions

Assouline

2013

Water Resources Research

217

115

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[1] Infiltration is a key process in aspects of hydrology, agricultural and civil engineering, irrigation design, and soil and water conservation. It is complex, depending on soil and rainfall properties and initial and boundary conditions within the flow domain. During the last century, a great deal of effort has been invested to understand the physics of infiltration and to develop quantitative predictors of infiltration dynamics. Jean-Yves Parlange and Wilfried Brutsaert have made seminal contributions, especially in the area of infiltration theory and related analytical solutions to the flow equations. This review retraces the landmark discoveries and the evolution of the conceptual approaches and the mathematical solutions applied to the problem of infiltration into porous media, highlighting the pivotal contributions of Parlange and Brutsaert. A historical retrospective of physical models of infiltration is followed by the presentation of mathematical methods leading to analytical solutions of the flow equations. This review then addresses the time compression approximation developed to estimate infiltration at the transition between preponding and postponding conditions. Finally, the effects of special conditions, such as the presence of air and heterogeneity in soil properties, on infiltration are considered.

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“…With their poor water retention characteristics, rainfed cropping of Alfisols is ever threatened with deficient soil moisture conditions even in relatively short dry spells. This situation is further exacerbated by crust and seal forming at the soil surface, resulting in very low infiltration even under dry soil conditions [1,2]. Crusting and sealing on cultivated SAT Alfisols are among the primary causes of low infiltration, poor crop stands and excessive runoff and soil loss [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-row tillage for improved soil and water conservation and crop yields on crusted Alfisols

Pathak¹,

Wani²,

Sudi³

et al. 2013

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In the semi-arid tropics (SAT), 33% areas are occupied by Alfisols and related soils. In SAT these soils have low structural stability and thereby tend to form seal and crusts at the surface. Due to this a large proportion of the rain that falls on Alfisols during the early part of the rainy season, is normally lost as runoff thus causing high soil loss as well as moisture stress to crops. Two tillage studies were conducted first at plot scale (320 m 2 ) during 1991-95 and second at small watershed scale (1.45 ha) during 2007-10, at ICRISAT research station, Hyderabad, India. These studies were conducted to find out whether the problem of excessive runoff and soil loss during the early part of the rainy season can be controlled by various inter-row tillage systems in addition to normal intercultivation by breaking the crust or seal and thereby improving infiltration and soil moisture and reducing runoff and soil loss. The observations on rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, soil loss, soil surface roughness and crop yields were collected from both the studies. Results from these studies have shown that inter-row tillage in addition to normal intercultivation is found effective in controlling early season runoff and soil loss and increasing crop yields. The additional tillage systems are found most effective during low and medium rainfall years and not so much during high rainfall years. The additional tillage with shoe cultivators, which creates rough soil surface (11 mm depression storage), is found most effective in increasing crop yields and reducing runoff and soil loss. The additional tillage with blade harrow which generates smooth soil surface is relatively less effective. In most rainfall conditions, the normal intercultivation with one additional tillage is found adequate for controlling early season runoff and improving soil moisture and crop yields.

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Infiltration into crusted soils

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Dynamic evolution of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a developing crust

Dynamic evolution of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a developing crust

Infiltration into soils: Conceptual approaches and solutions

Inter-row tillage for improved soil and water conservation and crop yields on crusted Alfisols

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