2001
DOI: 10.2307/3079085
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Inferring Developmental Modularity from Morphological Integration: Analysis of Individual Variation and Asymmetry in Bumblebee Wings

Abstract: Organisms are built from distinct modules, which are internally coherent but flexible in their relationships among one another. We examined morphological variation within and between two candidate modules: the fore- and hindwings of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus empatiens). We used the techniques of geometric morphometrics (Procrustes superimposition) to analyze the variation of landmark configurations in fore- and hindwings. Regression was used to correct for size-related shape variation (allometry)… Show more

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Cited by 109 publications
(196 citation statements)
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“…Yet, it is rarely examined whether the source of trait correlations (i.e., development or function) affects the historical persistence of an integration pattern. Developmental integration is produced when components of a complex structure share common developmental precursors, pathways, or resources and it can be environment independent (Riska 1986;Atchley and Hall 1991;Cheverud 1995;Raff 1996;Klingenberg and Nijhout 1998;Klingenberg et al 2001;Schwenk 2001;Hall 2003;Hallgrímsson et al 2003;Badyaev 2004;Badyaev and Young 2004). However, this conventional definition of developmental integration also includes correlations among traits that result from a similar response by individuals or species to comparable selection pressures and, thus, may reflect common evolutionary history, promoting the view that developmental constraints are equivalent to phylogenetic constraints (Lauder 1981; ''local constraints'' sensu Smith et al 1985;Gould 1989;McKitrick 1993;Watson et al 1995;West-Eberhard 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yet, it is rarely examined whether the source of trait correlations (i.e., development or function) affects the historical persistence of an integration pattern. Developmental integration is produced when components of a complex structure share common developmental precursors, pathways, or resources and it can be environment independent (Riska 1986;Atchley and Hall 1991;Cheverud 1995;Raff 1996;Klingenberg and Nijhout 1998;Klingenberg et al 2001;Schwenk 2001;Hall 2003;Hallgrímsson et al 2003;Badyaev 2004;Badyaev and Young 2004). However, this conventional definition of developmental integration also includes correlations among traits that result from a similar response by individuals or species to comparable selection pressures and, thus, may reflect common evolutionary history, promoting the view that developmental constraints are equivalent to phylogenetic constraints (Lauder 1981; ''local constraints'' sensu Smith et al 1985;Gould 1989;McKitrick 1993;Watson et al 1995;West-Eberhard 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estudiar el desarrollo de rasgos correlacionados, puede llegar a ser una de las formas más complejas de medir variables (eg. Klingenberg & McIntyre, 1998;Mardia et al, 2000;Klingenberg et al, 2001). En estos ejemplos particulares, los autores analizan la variación de la forma global del ala del insecto y como su asimetría puede ser relevante en el comportamiento del vuelo.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…There was no significant heterogeneity across lines, traits, generations and sexes in measurement error (using methods described by Van Dongen et al, 1999a, b), while measurement error itself was very low (using the two-factor ANOVAs of Palmer (1994): measurement error variance significantly lower than the side  individual interaction variance). The coordinates of the landmarks were also used to calculate the centroid size, as a measure of wing size (Klingenberg et al, 2001). This is the square root of the sum of squared distances from a set of landmarks to their centroid (references and details in Klingenberg and McIntyre, 1998).…”
Section: Obtaining Data and Measurementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In each generation, males, females and lines were analyzed separately. As all eyespots are formed by the same developmental mechanisms, the sequential Bonferroni procedure was applied to each set of related tests to avoid making type I errors (Leamy, 1999;Klingenberg et al, 2001). …”
Section: Statistical Analyses and Selection Proceduresmentioning
confidence: 99%
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