Inferior Vena Cava in Urology: Importance of Developmental Abnormalities in Clinical Practice

Srivastava, Aneesh; Singh, Kamal Jeet; Suri, Amit; Vijjan, Vivek; Dubey, Deepak

doi:10.1100/tsw.2005.66

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This anatomical variant may potentially increase the risk of traumatic injuries to the IVC owing to an unusually anterior location. It has been previously suggested that the pre-operative diagnosis of the vascular anomalies reduces the complication rate of abdominal vascular procedures [10,11]. An accurate diagnosis of such a congenital variant, as well as other anatomical variations of the IVC, may have increased importance in planning abdominal surgery, liver or kidney transplantation as well as interventional or diagnostic procedures such as IVC filter placement, varicocoele sclerotherapy and renal venous sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant ventral intrahepatic course of inferior vena cava: volume-rendering and maximum intensity projection CT findings

Abdullah

Williamson²,

Lewis³

et al. 2011

BJR

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ABSTRACT. Anatomically, the inferior vena cava (IVC) courses through the liver posteriorly and drains into the right atrium. We describe an extremely rare case of the anterior intrahepatic course of the IVC that drained into the right atrium seen on a CT scan of a healthy 26-year-old female who presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain. The anterior intrahepatic segment was bridged to the posteroinferior portion of the IVC by an oblique segment. Associated renal and arterial anomalies were also observed in our patient. Since the development of cross-sectional imaging, congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and its tributaries have been encountered more frequently in asymptomatic patients [1,2]. Vascular structures are usually readily identified on CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis obtained with intravenously administered contrast material.Multiple congenital anomalies of IVC have been described in the literature including left-sided IVC, double IVC, azygos continuation of the IVC, circumaortic left renal vein and retroaortic left renal vein [3,4]. Other anomalies include the absence of the infrarenal IVC or the entire IVC. Some variations are associated with congenital heart disease, but detection of unusual IVC system in patients without any clinical symptoms by CT is not uncommon [5].We describe an extremely rare case of an anteriorly located variant intrahepatic course of the IVC with an oblique segment bridging this anterior intrahepatic segment with the posterior inferior segment of the IVC. In reporting this case, we have used maximum intensity projection (MIP) imaging to depict the structural relationship of IVC to adjacent viscera. Case reportA 26-year-old female presented to the emergency room with a 3 day history of generalised abdominal pain and vomiting. Medical and surgical histories were unremarkable. The patient had no known history of IVC dissection or iatrogenic IVC injuries. Laboratory values were within normal limits. A contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed to exclude bowel pathology.Incidentally, CT imaging showed an intrahepatic portion of the IVC coursing anteriorly through the liver and the diaphragm with anatomical insertion into the right atrium (Figure 1a). This anterior intrahepatic segment was bridged to the posteroinferior portion of the IVC by an oblique segment (Figure 1d). The inferior phrenic veins were not well visualised. The hepatic veins were seen traversing anteriorly to insert into the ventrally located intrahepatic IVC (Figure 1c). The renal veins were seen coursing anteriorly to drain into the oblique segment (Figure 1b). Normal morphology was observed within the portal venous system. The infrarenal IVC demonstrated a normal retroperitoneal course and calibre without any associated anomalies. The ovarian veins demonstrated a normal drainage pattern with the left ovarian vein draining into the left renal vein and the right ovarian vein draining into the infrarenal IVC. The lumbar veins were not enlarged and demonstrated a normal course. The commo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variant ventral intrahepatic course of inferior vena cava: volume-rendering and maximum intensity projection CT findings

Abdullah

Williamson²,

Lewis³

et al. 2011

BJR

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“…Although at least 14 types of anatomic anomalies may arise, four types are usually encountered in clinical practice. They include duplication of the IVC, left-sided IVC, retroaortic left renal vein, and circumaortic left renal vein [2]. The prevalence of left-sided IVC is 0.2-0.5% [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…With the progress in cross-sectional imaging, these anomalies have become more frequently encountered in asymptomatic patients [1]. Although these may go unnoticed in the lifetime of the patient, quandary arises when these anomalies are associated with surgically correctable lesions in their vicinity [2][3][4][5]. Knowledge of these anomalies and accurate recognition before attempting surgery definitely facilitates the surgical resection and avoids catastrophic events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large adrenal ganglioneuroma with left inferior vena cava: implications for surgery

Qureshi

Medhi

2007

Pediatr Surg Int

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The contemporaneous occurrence of adrenal ganglioneuroma and left-sided inferior vena cava is uncommon and is previously never reported. We present a case wherein the two entities were fortuitously associated on preoperative imaging. This information facilitated successful surgical resection and avoided catastrophic vascular injury. A review of literature of the common venous anomaly affecting therapeutic decision-making is also presented.

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“…Right subcardinal vein remains to form the vena cava for pre-renal and renal segment while the left subcardinal vein regresses completely. The upper part of the right vitelline vein becomes the terminal portion of the inferior vena cava between the liver and the heart [3,8,9] . Anomalies of the inferior vena cava result from the failure of the normal embryogenesis [3] and a double inferior vena cava occurs because of the persistence of the right and left supracardinal veins [5,8] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upper part of the right vitelline vein becomes the terminal portion of the inferior vena cava between the liver and the heart [3,8,9] . Anomalies of the inferior vena cava result from the failure of the normal embryogenesis [3] and a double inferior vena cava occurs because of the persistence of the right and left supracardinal veins [5,8] . [2,3,[5][6][7] ; in each vena cava drain two common iliac veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombosis of a double vena cava associated with a retroperitoneal tumor

Rajaonarison

Andrianarimanitra²,

Rafanomezantsoa³

et al. 2014

JBGC

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Inferior Vena Cava in Urology: Importance of Developmental Abnormalities in Clinical Practice

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Variant ventral intrahepatic course of inferior vena cava: volume-rendering and maximum intensity projection CT findings

Variant ventral intrahepatic course of inferior vena cava: volume-rendering and maximum intensity projection CT findings

Large adrenal ganglioneuroma with left inferior vena cava: implications for surgery

Thrombosis of a double vena cava associated with a retroperitoneal tumor

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