Inferior glenohumeral dislocation (luxatio erecta humeri): Report of six cases and review of the literature

CT and MRI manifestations of luxatio erecta humeri and a review of the literature

“…Description of CT scans in the literature is even rarer and is limited to only 3 case reports [8][9][10]. Our observations regarding rotator cuff, joint cartilage, labral, and ligamental injuries are consistent with previous reports [5,11,13,15]; however, we didn't observe any biceps tendon injury or posterior labral tearing.…”

“…Thus far, only 2 LEH MR arthrograms, 3 LEH MRIs (5 in total) and 3 LEH CT scans have been described in the literature [5,[8][9][10][11]; to our knowledge, no CT arthrogram findings of LEH has been reported. This study adds 10 patients diagnosed with LEH, with 8 CT scans ( 2 out of 8 are CT arthrograms) and 4 MRIs (2 out of 4 are MR arthrograms), to the literature.…”

“…ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 8 However, the very first evaluation of soft tissue injuries associated with LEH was performed arthroscopically in 1998 ; biceps tendon tearing as well as anterior, superior , and posterior labral detachment were the findings of that study [14].…”

“…Radiographs may also show the possible fractures of the greater tuberosity, the acromion, coracoid, humeral head, clavicle and the glenoid rim [4,7]. However, computed tomography is a better tool to evaluate associated fine fractures [8], and magnetic resonance imaging better reveals the injuries to the rotator cuff, the labrum, and the ligaments [5].…”

“…They suggested that the impaction fractures of humeral head associated with LEH appear at a more superior and lateral site than a classic Hill-Sachs deformity due to anterior shoulder dislocation[9]. In 2013 Imerci et al demonstrated the CT scan of a patient with a fracture of the anterior wall of the glenoid[8]. The same year Ellanti et al published a 3D reconstruction of CT scan of a case of bilateral LEH with bilateral avulsion of greater tuberosity[10].…”