Infectivity of promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania infantum in a canine model for leishmaniosis

Campino, Lenea; Santos‐Gomes, Gabriela; Capela, M.; Cortes, Sofia; Abranches, P.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00313-7

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…13,24,26,27 In fact, most infection protocols in vaccination or treatment studies appear to be designed to overcome the natural resistance of many dogs and produce full-blown disease in a short time span by delivering a massive dose of parasites by the unnatural route of IV injection. 6,[14][15][16][17] Previous studies showed that experimental IV infection was more likely to lead to overt disease than intradermal inoculation, which typically led to subclinical infection. 11,12,28 Our finding of small liver granulomas, an indication of an active cell mediated immune response, in the intradermally infected dogs is consistent with what was observed in resistant dogs naturally infected in endemic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some drug formulations such as liposomal antimony have shown some promise, 2 the difficulty of treating symptomatic dogs with the standard antimonial therapy or second line drugs, underscores the need to develop a relevant infection model for preclinical trials. [3][4][5] Experimental infections of dogs have been carried out using a wide range of strategies that included the use of cultured promastigotes [6][7][8] or tissue-derived amastigotes. 6,7,9 Studies have used numbers of parasites that ranged from a few thousand to several million, delivered by the intradermal [10][11][12][13] or intravenous routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Experimental infections of dogs have been carried out using a wide range of strategies that included the use of cultured promastigotes [6][7][8] or tissue-derived amastigotes. 6,7,9 Studies have used numbers of parasites that ranged from a few thousand to several million, delivered by the intradermal [10][11][12][13] or intravenous routes. 6,[14][15][16][17] Some of these inoculations included an extract of Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary glands in an unsuccessful attempt to increase parasite pathogenicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7,9 Studies have used numbers of parasites that ranged from a few thousand to several million, delivered by the intradermal [10][11][12][13] or intravenous routes. 6,[14][15][16][17] Some of these inoculations included an extract of Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary glands in an unsuccessful attempt to increase parasite pathogenicity. 10,11 Notably, only on a few occasions were metacyclic promastigotes included in the inocula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Travi¹,

Osorio²,

Saldarriaga³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Experimental infection of dogs with Leishmania infantum has yielded heterogeneous clinical, parasitologic, and immunologic results. We studied dogs infected with 10 5 or 10 4 sand fly-derived promastigotes delivered by the intradermal (ID) or intravenous (IV) routes. Total mortality over 1 year post-infection reached 23.8%. The mortality and proportion of sustained polysymptomatic dogs was highest in the IV-10 5 group. The early appearance of polysymptoms was associated with an increased risk of progression to death. Dissemination of the parasite to lymph nodes was faster, and the subsequent infectivity to sand flies higher, in the IV compared with ID-infected dogs. Parasite-specific IgG1 or IgG2 production was similar among the groups, but higher interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression was associated with polysymptomatic dogs. On the basis of the data obtained from this study, a sample size analysis using different endpoints for future vaccine trials is described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Travi¹,

Osorio²,

Saldarriaga³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…However, it is difficult to ascertain what proportion of infected dogs develop a detectable specific immune response, and studies in countries where the disease is endemic have actually shown that infected animals, particularly the asymptomatic ones, often remain seronegative or borderline positive (2,20,26,38). On the whole, it appears that serology may not be a good indicator of infection (2,6). The confirmation of the diagnosis of CVL comes from the direct observation of Leishmania parasites in smears and in vitro cultures of lymph node or bone marrow aspirates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Six PCR Methods Using Peripheral Blood for Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

et al. 2002

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The objectives of this study were to compare the sensitivities and reliabilities of different PCR methods for the diagnosis and epidemiological study of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) using dog blood. We chose to work with peripheral blood, as this type of sampling is noninvasive, straightforward, and easy to repeat. Six PCR methods were compared: three primer pairs target genomic DNA, and the other three target kinetoplast (mitochondrial) DNA. Sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and ease of interpretation without hybridization were evaluated for each method. The assessment was first performed using artificial samples. All methods could detect less than one parasite per reaction tube. However, the sensitivities varied among the different methods by a factor of 500 on purified cultivated parasites and by a factor of 10,000 on seeded dog blood samples (i.e., from 10 to 10 ؊3 parasite per ml of blood for the latter). Only four methods were found sufficiently reliable for the diagnosis of CVL. They were tested on 37 dogs living in an area of endemicity and grouped according to clinical status and specific serology. Only the two methods targeting kinetoplast DNA (K13A-K13B and RV1-RV2) could detect the parasite in 100% of symptomatic infected dogs. Similarly, all seropositive dogs were found PCR positive by these methods versus 62% by the genomic-DNA-based methods. Finally, these kinetoplast-based methods proved clearly superior to the others in the detection of Leishmania in asymptomatic dogs. Our data allow the discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of highly sensitive versus moderately sensitive PCR methods in diagnosis and prevalence studies of CVL.

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Canine Reservoirs and Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology and Disease

Campino

2002

World Class Parasites

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Infectivity of promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania infantum in a canine model for leishmaniosis

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Clinical, Parasitologic, and Immunologic Evolution in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Sand Fly-Derived Leishmania chagasi Promastigotes

Comparison of Six PCR Methods Using Peripheral Blood for Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Canine Reservoirs and Leishmaniasis: Epidemiology and Disease

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