Infectivity and pathogenicity of 14-month-cultured embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis in mice

Fan, Chia Kwung; Lin, Yuanhua; Du, Wei; Su, Kang‐Yi

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00046-3

Cited by 42 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All the larvae detected showed motility and no tissue reaction was found. Similar results have been obtained from mice 122 days after infection, in which viable T. canis larvae were detected in brain tissues with no correlated inflammatory reaction (DUNSMORE et al, 1983;FAN et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Vertical transmission of Toxocara canis in successive generations of mice

Schoenardie¹,

Scaini

Pepe³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Visceral toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis larvae in unusual hosts. In dogs, the definitive host, the infection occurs mainly through transplacental and transcolostral transmission. Studies on experimental models have shown that vertical transmission may result from acute infections. Considering that toxocariasis is characterized as a chronic infection, with possible reactivation of larvae present in the brain, this study evaluated the presence of larvae in the brain of female BALB/c mice and their offspring with chronic infection during three successive pregnancies. ELISA-TES was used to evaluate the antibody levels. T. canis larvae were detected in the brain tissue of the mice during the three successive generations evaluated. The offspring's IgG level gradually decreased, and mean absorbance (ABS) above the cutoff point (0.070) was observed only at 30 (0.229) and 50 (0.096) days of age, while IgM was not detected. The infections in the offspring confirmed that vertical transmission of T. canis larvae occurred during chronic toxocariasis in three successive generations of mice.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…At the first mating, corresponding to 90 days of infection, the females mice had high levels of IgG and IgM (p < 0.05), and mean ABS of 1.280 and 0.685 respectively, which is typical of the chronic phase. According to Fan et al (2003), IgG levels are maintained in sera from infected mice for long periods (up to 67 weeks post-infection).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical transmission of Toxocara canis in successive generations of mice

Schoenardie¹,

Scaini

Pepe³

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…2). Distribution by country revealed that Sakha Republic, Lebanon, and France reported the largest numbers of NT cases (20,17, and 7 cases, respectively) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Global Cases Of Human Cerebral Toxocariasis With Various Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the potential role of drinking water and the recreational use of water in transmission cannot be ignored (16). Of particular note, Fan et al (17) utilized T. canis embryonated eggs which had been preserved in 2% formalin for at least 14 months at 4°C to inoculate ICR outbred mice. Larvae recovered from the liver and brain at 469 days postinfection were still alive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative Disorders?

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Toxocara canis and T. cati are highly prevalent nematode infections of the intestines of dogs and cats. In paratenic hosts, larvae do not mature in the intestine but instead migrate through the somatic tissues and organs of the body. The presence of these migrating larvae can contribute to pathology. Toxocara larvae can invade the brains of humans, and while case descriptions of cerebral toxocariasis are historically rare, improved diagnosis and greater awareness have contributed to increased detection. Despite this, cerebral or neurological toxocariasis (NT) remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Furthermore, our understanding of cognitive deficits due to toxocariasis in human populations remains particularly deficient. Recent data describe an enhanced expression of biomarkers associated with brain injury, such as GFAP, AβPP, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), NF-L, S100B, tTG, and p-tau, in mice receiving even low doses of Toxocara ova. Finally, this review outlines a hypothesis to explore the relationship between the presence of T. canis larvae in the brain and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to enhanced AD-associated neurodegenerative biomarker expression.

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“…To obtain the eggs, the anterior third of the uteruses of the female nematodes were dissected (FAN et al, 2003) and stored for five weeks at 27 °C for embryonation. After this period, the material was washed three times in saline solution by centrifugation (922 x g) for three minutes.…”

Section: Obtaining Toxocara Canis Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis

Bin

Santarém

Laposy

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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An evaluation was made of the kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with embryonated Toxocara canis eggs. Seventeen four month old New Zealand White rabbits were distributed into two groups. In the experimental group, twelve rabbits were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated T. canis eggs. A second group (n = 5), uninfected, was used as a control. Serum samples were collected for analysis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 post-infection (DPI). An indirect ELISA test was performed to evaluate the reactivity index (RI) of IgG anti-T. canis antibodies and to calculate the avidity index (AI). The animals showed seroconversion from the 14 th DPI, with high AI (over 50%) except for one animal, which presented an intermediate AI. At 60 DPI, all the animals were seropositive and maintained a high AI. The data indicated that specific IgG antibodies formed early (14 DPI) in rabbits infected with T. canis, with a high avidity index that persisted throughout the course of the infection.

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Infectivity and pathogenicity of 14-month-cultured embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis in mice

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Vertical transmission of Toxocara canis in successive generations of mice

Vertical transmission of Toxocara canis in successive generations of mice

Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative Disorders?

Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis

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