“…In addition, considering pulmonary embolization from the dislodgement of vegetation and the incomplete elimination of infective foci, complete resection of PDA and closure, under direct vision, was strongly suggested [3]. Infected emboli are common, and the frequently involved site is the pulmonary arterial wall, opposite to the opening of PDA [3,4,5]. To suspect the possibility of embolic vegetation on the pulmonary artery is reasonable, even if vegetation is preoperatively noticed only on the left side valve, as in our case.…”