Infective Endocarditis Due to Neisseria sicca and Associated With Intravenous Drug Abuse

Ga, Valenzuela; Td, Davis; Pizzani, E; McGroarty, D

doi:10.1097/00007611-199209000-00016

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For the mechanism between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease, it is hypothesized that either direct invasion of oral bacteria or bacteria-mediated cytokines induce local inflammation in the cardiovascular system (Armitage, 2000 ; Demmer and Desvarieux, 2006 ; Koren et al, 2011 ). This is further supported by the observation that infective endocarditis is caused by Granulicatella and Neisseria , bacteria that originate from the oral cavity (Valenzuela et al, 1992 ; Ohara-Nemoto et al, 2005 ; Shailaja et al, 2013 ; Armingohar et al, 2014 ). Recently, it has also been demonstrated that administration of the oral pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis induces systemic inflammation and metabolic disorder with changes in the gut microbiota in mice (Arimatsu et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Oral Microbiota: Microbial Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Host Genetic Factors

Lee

2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The oral microbiota plays a critical role in both local and systemic inflammation. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by low-grade inflammation, and many studies have been conducted on the gut microbiota from stool specimens. However, the etiological role of the oral microbiota in the development of MetS is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the oral and gut microbiome from 228 subgingival plaque and fecal samples from a Korean twin-family cohort with and without MetS. Significant differences in microbial diversity and composition were observed in both anatomical niches. However, a host genetic effect on the oral microbiota was not observed. A co-occurrence network analysis showed distinct microbiota clusters that were dependent on the MetS status. A comprehensive analysis of the oral microbiome identified Granulicatella and Neisseria as bacteria enriched in subjects with MetS and Peptococcus as bacteria abundant in healthy controls. Validation of the identified oral bacteria by quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that healthy controls possessed significantly lower levels of G. adiacens (p = 0.023) and a higher ratio of Peptococcus to Granulicatella (p < 0.05) than MetS subjects. Our results support that local oral microbiota can be associated with systemic disorders. The microbial biomarkers identified in this study would aid in determination of which individuals develop chronic diseases from their MetS and contribute to strategic disease management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Oral Microbiota: Microbial Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Host Genetic Factors

Lee

2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…For example, IDUs are subject to infection from normal oropharyngeal flora from the habit of cleaning their needles with saliva and using saliva to dissolve the drug. A case of endocarditis from 1 oral microbe, Neisseria sicca , has been reported in an IDU who licked the blood off the needle of an unsuccessful “stick” before the next attempt 4 . Raucher et al 5 reports cases of polymicrobial endocarditis with Haemophilus parainfluenzae and other organisms of the normal oral flora.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case of endocarditis from 1 oral microbe, Neisseria sicca, has been reported in an IDU who licked the blood off the needle of an unsuccessful ''stick'' before the next attempt. 4 Raucher et al 5 reports cases of polymicrobial endocarditis with Haemophilus parainfluenzae and other organisms of the normal oral flora. In this case series, several patients admitted to blowing into or sucking on their needles before injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Polymicrobial Endocarditis due to Anaerobic Organisms in an Injection Drug User

Havlen

Hussain

2005

J Gen Intern Med

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Endocarditis is a serious complication of injection drug use most commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus. We report a case of tricuspid valve polymicrobial bacterial endocarditis in an injection drug user from 3 oral anaerobes: Actinomyces odontolytica, Veillonella species, and Prevotella melaninogenica. The patient was believed to have acquired these organisms due to his habit of licking the needle in order to gauge the strength of the cocaine prior to injection. The patient was successfully treated with a 6-week course of penicillin G and metronidazole. This case demonstrates the importance of a detailed history in designing empiric therapy. CASE REPORTA 33-year-old white male presented to our hospital with a 2-week history of subjective fevers, chills, and rigors. He also complained of a 20-to 30-lb weight loss, which he attributed to a decrease in appetite as well as to some nausea and vomiting. The patient had previously been seen at another hospital for these symptoms and was prescribed levofloxacin for possible pneumonia. He later returned to that hospital when his symptoms did not improve and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax reportedly showed ''spots on his lungs.'' The patient was given more unknown antibiotics and sent home. Additionally, the patient reported having a dental procedure 6 months previously. His past medical history included diabetes mellitus type 2, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and schizoaffective disorder. He had no history of endocarditis or valvular heart disease. The patient smoked 1.5 packs of cigarettes per day for the past 20 years, consumed alcohol occasionally, and had a history of injection drug use, particularly cocaine. He last used injection cocaine 5 weeks prior to admission.On admission the patient had a temperature of 40.0 1C, a pulse of 80 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 19 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg. On physical exam, there was no jugular venous distention and there was a II/VI holosystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border that became louder with inspiration. Lungs were clear to auscultation bilaterally. White blood cell count was 15.1K cells per mL with 90.8% granulocytes and an increase in bands. Cardiac enzymes were normal. Chest radiograph revealed only a slight increased opacity in the right upper lobe of the lung but CT of the thorax showed multiple cavitary lesions in both lungs. The largest lesion was in the left lower lobe and measured 3.2 cm. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed an echodense mobile structure attached to the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. The remainder of the valves was normal.Initially, the patient was treated empirically for endocarditis with vancomycin and ceftriaxone to cover Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus. Blood cultures, however, returned positive for Actinomyces odontolytica and Veillonella species. Antimicrobial sensitivities were not identified. The therapy was then changed to penicillin G based on the usual sensitivi...

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“…Sixteen cases have been described in the antibiotic era in French, English, or Spanish language [1–13]. Predisposing conditions were found frequently, which included intravenous drug use in 6 cases [4, 7, 9–11], prior native valve disease in 4 cases ([5, 9], present case), and prosthetic valve in 1 case [3]. Endocarditis was located on the tricuspid valve in 4 of the 5 intravenous drug users, and was complicated with pulmonary embolisms in all of them [7, 9, 11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predisposing conditions were found frequently, which included intravenous drug use in 6 cases [4, 7, 9–11], prior native valve disease in 4 cases ([5, 9], present case), and prosthetic valve in 1 case [3]. Endocarditis was located on the tricuspid valve in 4 of the 5 intravenous drug users, and was complicated with pulmonary embolisms in all of them [7, 9, 11]. Cerebral embolisms or haemorrhage were reported in 6 cases ([2–4, 6, 9], present case), with a fatal issue in one case [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neisseria siccaEndocarditis Complicated by Intracranial and Popliteal Aneurysms in a Patient with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Debellemanière

Chirouze

Hustache‐Mathieu

et al. 2013

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

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We report a case of infective endocarditis due to Neisseria sicca complicated by intracranial and popliteal aneurysms and hepatic and splenic infarcts in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve. No predisposing factor other than poor dental condition was found. The patient fully recovered after antibiotic therapy, aortic and mitral valve replacement, endovascular occlusion of the middle-cerebral artery aneurysm, and surgical treatment of the popliteal artery aneurysm.

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Infective Endocarditis Due to Neisseria sicca and Associated With Intravenous Drug Abuse

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Oral Microbiota: Microbial Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Host Genetic Factors

Oral Microbiota: Microbial Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Host Genetic Factors

A Case of Polymicrobial Endocarditis due to Anaerobic Organisms in an Injection Drug User

Neisseria siccaEndocarditis Complicated by Intracranial and Popliteal Aneurysms in a Patient with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve

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