Infective Endocarditis by Yersinia Species: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Yersinia spp. are non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacilli. They comprise only three species known to cause disease in humans, namely Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Since infective endocarditis (IE) is rarely caused by Yersinia, the management of these infections can be problematic due to the lack of experience. The purpose of this study was to systematically review all published cases of IE by Yersinia species in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library (through 1 November 2020) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical and microbiological information as well as data on treatment and outcomes of IE caused by Yersinia species was performed. A total of 12 studies, containing data of 12 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 17% of patients. The mitral valve was the most commonly infected site, followed by the aortic valve. Fever, sepsis and embolic phenomena were common clinical signs, followed by heart failure. Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and quinolones were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Clinical cure was noted in 83%, while overall mortality was 17%. This systematic review describes IE by Yersinia and provides information on patients’ epidemiology, clinical signs and the related therapeutic strategies and outcomes.

Infective Endocarditis by Moraxella Species: A Systematic Review

“…The mean age of patients diagnosed with Moraxella spp. IE in this study was 43.4 years, which is within the reported age range of diagnosis of IE by other non-HACEK Gram-negative microorganisms in the literature (40 to 70 years) [ 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. However, the age at diagnosis of IE in general cohorts of IE patients is higher, and is close to 70 years [ 14 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

“…However, the age at diagnosis of IE in general cohorts of IE patients is higher, and is close to 70 years [ 14 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. There was a slight male predominance among patients with IE by Moraxella spp., while a male predominance was also noted in IE by other non-HACEK Gram-negative microorganisms and in other cohorts of patients with IE in the general population [ 14 , 15 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 67 ]. A prosthetic valve was present in 25.8% of patients with IE by Moraxella spp., which was a rate similar to the rate noted in other studies of IE by non-HACEK Gram-negative bacteria (14% to 59%) and similar to the rate noted in the cohorts of patients diagnosed with IE in general [ 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ].…”

Bacteria and the growing threat of multidrug resistance for invasive cardiac interventions

“…A recent systematic review of 12 studies documented the presence of Yersinia sp. in infective endocarditis, most commonly in the mitral valve but also in the aortic valve [10]. Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and quinolones were used to deter the fever, sepsis and heart failure that was found to accompany these Yersinia infections [10].…”

“…in infective endocarditis, most commonly in the mitral valve but also in the aortic valve [10]. Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and quinolones were used to deter the fever, sepsis and heart failure that was found to accompany these Yersinia infections [10]. Corynebacterium jeikeium has also been found as a rare cause of infective endocarditis [11].…”

Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Platelet Interactions in COVID-19 and Vaccine-Related Thrombosis

“…Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of bubonic plague, has been shown to inhibit platelet activation ( Palace et al, 2020 ). However, Y. pestis can cause infective endocarditis, which is caused by the formation of a thrombus on a heart valve ( Ioannou et al, 2021 ) and is often associated with thrombocytopenia ( Welty et al, 1985 ).…”