Infectious Typhlitis in chickens caused by spirochetes

Davelaar, F. G.; Smit, H. F.; Hovind‐Hougen, Kari; Dwars, R. M.; vanderValk, P.C.

doi:10.1080/03079458608436285

Cited by 72 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Oral spirochaetes have been observed in gingival lesions in and between gingival epithelial cells (Listgarten, 1965;Mikx et al, 1990). Similar lesions have been described for T. hyodysenteriae in swine and chicken intestinal mucosa (Kennedy et al, 1973;Davelaar et al, 1986). The pathogenicity of T. hyodysenteriae is generally accepted.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Comparison of peptidase, glycosidase and esterase activities of oral and non-oral Treponema species

Mikx

1991

Microbiology

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The enzyme profiles of 20 oral and non-oral Treponema strains were investigated using an API ZYM Complete Research kit. The test included 10 2-naphthyl derivatives of fatty acids, 20 p-nitrophenol derivatives of carbohydrates and 60 2-naphthylamide derivatives of amino acids and peptides. The oral Treponema species investigated were T. denticola, T. vincentii and T. pectinovorum. The non-oral species examined were T. phagedenis, T. hyodysenteriae and intestinal spirochaetes of human and chicken origin. Esterase activities on C5 to Clo fatty acids were common among different Treponema species. Glycosidase activities were infrequently observed in T. vincentii, T. pectinovorum and T. phagedenis Reiter strain. Arabinosidaw, lactosidase and xylssidase activity was observed in the T. hyodysenteriae strains but a-L-fucosidase activity was found only in T. denticola and T. phagedenis. More exo-and endo-peptidase activities were found in T. denticola than in other species. The enteropathogenic T. hyodysenteriae isolates had a very low proteolytic profile. Dipeptidyl prolyl amidase activity was observed in all species except in the T. phagedenis Reiter strain and the avian intestinal spirochaetes. The enzyme profiles did not discriminate between oral and non-oral Treponema species.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Comparison of peptidase, glycosidase and esterase activities of oral and non-oral Treponema species

Mikx

1991

Microbiology

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“…In experimental infections with avian intestinal spirochaetes in broilers kept in isolators a reduction in body weight, a reduction in the concentration of carotenoids in the serum, and an increase of the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum was found (Davelaar et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spirochaetes inhabiting the intestinal tract of birds have been noted (Harris, 1930;Mathey et al, 1955;Davelaar et al, 1985Davelaar et al, , 1986Griffiths et al, 1987;Dwars et al, 1989Dwars et al, , 1990) whilst spirochaetes of porcine origin have been shown to colonize the caeca of young broiler chicks (Adachi et al, 1985;Sueyoshi et al, 1990). In experimental infections with avian intestinal spirochaetes in broilers kept in isolators a reduction in body weight, a reduction in the concentration of carotenoids in the serum, and an increase of the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum was found (Davelaar et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of broiler chicks(Gallus domesticus)with human intestinal spirochaetes

Dwars¹,

Davelaar²,

Smit³

1992

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYOne-day-old broiler chicks were infected orally with spirochaetes isolated from cases of intestinal disorder in humans. Three different isolates were studied in an experiment of 22 days duration. No signs of clinical disease were observed; the infection did not cause changes in the concentration of carotenoids or in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the serum. Spirochaetes were shed in the caecal faeces. At autopsy, no lesions were seen in the intestinal tracts of the birds. Large numbers of spirochaetes were present in the caecum of 30 to 100% of the infected birds; in a few birds small numbers of spirochaetes were observed in scrapings from the mucosa of the small intestine. On histological examination massive colonisation of the caecal mucosa was observed. Spirochaetes of two isolates had invaded the caecal mucosa and for one of these, they were found between enterocytes, but not below the basement membrane. The other isolate had produced gap-like lesions, subepithelial accumulations of spirochaetes and focal erosion. No signs of an inflammatory reaction were observed.

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“…Epidemiological studies on AIS in laying chickens first were conducted in the Netherlands, where it was shown that colonization with unidentified spirochetes occurred commonly, and was associated with enteritis (2,6). Surveys in Australia also found that spirochetes commonly occurred in laying and breeder flocks, and that there was a significant association between infections with B. intermedia and B. pilosicoli and disease symptoms such as diarrhea and reduced egg production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most frequently this condition has been reported in laying hens, but it also occurs in broiler breeders and in other poultry including turkeys (20) and geese (16). AIS has been associated with a variety of nonspecific problems, such as sticky and often caramel colored diarrhea, pasty or wet vents, fecal staining of eggshells, increased fecal fat content, delayed onset of egg laying, reduced egg production, increased mortalities, and a poorer feed conversion ratio (2,3,6,8,27,28,29). There are no reports of broilers being naturally infected with Brachyspira species, although broiler flocks derived from infected breeders may show a poor feed conversion ratio, a high number of weak chicks, slow growth, and poor feed digestion compared to broilers from uninfected breeder flocks (5,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Brachyspira intermedia and Brachyspira pilosicoli Are Commonly Found in Older Laying Flocks in Pennsylvania

et al. 2009

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SUMMARY. Anaerobic intestinal spirochetes (genus Brachyspira) include several species that are recognized as pathogens of poultry. Surveys undertaken in Europe and Australia have shown that layer and breeder flocks are often colonized by the pathogenic species Brachyspira intermedia and Brachyspira pilosicoli, but similar surveys have not been conducted in the United States. In the current study, DNA was extracted from fecal samples (n = 50) collected from each of 21 flocks of laying hens >40 wk of age in Pennsylvania, and this material was tested for B. intermedia and B. pilosicoli using a duplex PCR. Negative samples also were tested using a Brachyspira genus-specific PCR. The consistency of the feces was observed, and manure handling systems and medication histories were recorded. Brachyspira intermedia was detected in 662 (63.1%) samples from 17 (81%) flocks, with a within-flock prevalence of 10%-100%. Brachyspira pilosicoli was detected in 112 (10.7%) samples from 5 flocks (23.8%), with a within-flock prevalence of 8%-82%. Four of the flocks had both pathogenic species present, three had no pathogenic species detected, and two had no Brachyspira species detected. Nine flocks had many fecal samples with a wet appearance and/or a caramel color, and all of these were colonized with one or the other of the two pathogenic species. Nine of 12 flocks with manure that was mainly dry also were colonized. Differences in colonization rates between flocks with or without wet manure were not significant. Colonization with pathogenic Brachyspira species, and particularly B. intermedia, occurs very commonly in layer flocks >40 wk of age in Pennsylvania. The significance of this high rate of colonization requires further investigation.RESUMEN. Las espiroquetas Brachyspira intermedia y Brachyspira pilosicoli se encuentran comunmente en parvadas de aves de postura de mayor edad en el estado de Pennsylvania.Las espiroquetas intestinales anaerobicas del genero Brachyspira incluyen varias especies que estan reconocidas como patogenos en la avicultura. Los muestreos llevados a cabo en Europa y Australia ha demostrado que las parvadas de postura y de reproductoras estan colonizadas por las especies patogenas Brachyspira intermedia y Brachyspira pilosicoli, pero no se han realizados muestreos similares en los Estados Unidos. En el presente estudio, se extrajo ADN de muestras de excretas (n = 50) recolectadas de 21 parvadas de aves de postura mayores de 40 semanas de edad en Pennsylvania, este material se analizo para detectar la presencia de B. intermedia y B. pilosicoli mediante el uso de un metodo PCR para detectar simultaneamente ambas especies. Las muestras negativas tambien fueron analizadas usando un metodo de PCR especifico para el genero Brachyspira. Se observo la consistencia de las excretas, y se registraron los sistemas de manejo de la cama y la historia de medicaciones. Se detecto Brachyspira intermedia en 662 muestras (63.2%) de 17 (81%) parvadas, con prevalencia dentro de las parvadas y entre las parvadas de 10% a 10...

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Infectious Typhlitis in chickens caused by spirochetes

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of peptidase, glycosidase and esterase activities of oral and non-oral Treponema species

Comparison of peptidase, glycosidase and esterase activities of oral and non-oral Treponema species

Infection of broiler chicks(Gallus domesticus)with human intestinal spirochaetes

Brachyspira intermedia and Brachyspira pilosicoli Are Commonly Found in Older Laying Flocks in Pennsylvania

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