Infectious pleural effusion status and treatment progress

Abstract

Pleural cavity infection continuously seriously threatens human health with continuous medical progress. From the perspective of pathophysiology, it can be divided into three stages: exudative stage, fibrin exudation and pus formation stage, and organization stage. Due to the pathogenic bacteria difference of pleural cavity infection and pulmonary infection, it is very important for disease treatment to analyze the bacteria and biochemical characteristics of the infectious pleural effusion. Most prognoses of patients have been relatively good, while for some patients, the complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema could be evolved. Antibiotic treatment and sufficient drainage are the foundation for this treatment. No evidence can support the routine use of a fibrin agent. However, it has been reported that the plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease can be recommended to be applied in the pleural cavity. In case of failure on conservative medical treatment, operative treatment can be applied such as thoracoscopy and pleural decortication.According to the clinical characteristics of these patients, it is a key to research prognosis, as well as early evaluation and stratification, in the future.

Pleural Fluid Penetration of Moxifloxacin and Doripenem: An Experimental Model of Empyema

“…The pleural cavity infections have been known for nearly 5000 years. Until now, there has been steadily in progress in microbiology, antibiotics, operations and other areas, but still seriously affect human health [10]. All over the world, the incidence of pleural cavity infection has been continuously increasing for all age groups.…”

“…The mortality rate for older adults with the underlying diseases has reached up to 30%. This may be related to weak underlying conditions of patients, inappropriate antibiotic selection or antimicrobial resistance and other factors [10,11]. These changes are likely to increase the awareness of clinical diagnosis and the number of better diagnostic methods.…”

Retrospective Evaluation of 38 Patients with Tuberculous Pleurisy in Mersin

“…Yang ve ark. 'nın (42) yaptığı çalışmada, TP'li olgularda diyabet insidansı, alkolizm ve romatoid artrit normal popülasyona göre daha yüksek görüldüğü belirtilmiş. Babalık ve ark.…”

An Overlooked Complication, Empyema Necessitatis: An Analysis of 766 Empyema Cases

“…Plevral ampiyem (PA), plevra yaprakları arasında infekte mayi bulunmasıdır ve görülme sıklığı yaş ile artmaktadır [1] . Plevral ampiyem, en sık pulmoner infeksiyonlara sekonder gelişir.…”

“…Pulmoner infeksiyonların %15-44'ünde plevral efüzyon gelişir ve bunların da %40'ı komplike hale gelir [2] . İnsan sağlığı açısından halen ciddi bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir [1] . Ampiyema nesessitatis (AN) ise PA'nın pariyetal plevra ve endotorasik fasiayı geçerek çevre yumuşak dokular içinde yayılması ve cilt altı yayılımı ile bazen cilde fistülize olması durumudur.…”