Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in salmonids: Molecular epidemiology and host response to infection

Abstract

One of most important viral diseases that affect salmonid aquaculture worldwide is Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN), a contagious disease that can cause high mortality rates in first-feeding fry, and in post-smolts shortly after transfer to seawater. 1,2 Its aetiological agent, IPN virus (IPNV), is an Aquabirnavirus (within the family Birnaviridae), and is considered the most pervasive pathogens of aquatic animals, with worldwide distribution and a wide range of hosts. 3,4 The term "IPN virus," however, has been used (and will be used in this review) to denote only aquabirnaviruses infecting or causing disease in salmonids. 4 Aquatic birnaviruses isolated from non-salmonid species will be referred to as marine aquabirnaviruses (MABV) or yellowtail ascites virus (YTAV) if they were isolated or caused disease in yellowtail fish (Seriola quinqueradiata). 5 The salmonid species typically affected by IPN are brook trout (Salvelinus

Bacillus subtilis Expressing the Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus VP2 Protein Retains Its Immunostimulatory Properties and Induces a Specific Antibody Response

“…In the current study, we have produced B. subtilis spores expressing the VP2 protein of IPNV. Although there are some vaccines against IPNV available in the market, these are all delivered by injection and their effectiveness in field conditions is still limited as the virus continues to provoke important economic losses every year in salmonid farming ( 20 , 45 , 46 ). Different oral vaccination strategies have been recently attempted against IPNV.…”

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN)

“…Parameter 1 -Available breeds resistant to the pathogen As past research has demonstrated that there is genetic variation in resistance to IPNV in both Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout populations (Storset et al, 2007;Guy et al, 2009), breeding companies have gone into selectively breeding fish resistant to IPNV since the beginning of the 2000s. This large-scale production of IPN-resistant salmon for the aquaculture industry has been made possible by genetic mapping of the (QTL) affecting disease resistance against IPNV that explains 80-100% of genetic variation in fish susceptibility to IPNV at the first feeding fry (freshwater) and postsmolt (seawater) stages, in two separate populations, Scotland and Norway (Houston et al, 2008;Moen et al, 2009;Flores-Mara et al, 2017;Tapia et al, 2022). First, mutations in the epithelial cadherin gene (cdh1) were identified as the likely causative genetic variation for IPNV resistance in Atlantic salmon (Houston et al, 2008(Houston et al, , 2010Moen et al, 2009Moen et al, , 2015Rodr ıguez et al, 2019;Hillestad et al, 2021).…”

“…There is a correspondence between the type strain, the serotype and the genotype (Table 2 ). For instance, the American type strains West Buxton (USA) and Jasper (Canada) correspond to Genotype 1 and Serotypes A1 and A9, respectively (Dopazo, 2020 ; Tapia et al., 2022 ).…”

“…Susceptibility is reported to decrease with age in salmonids (Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, 2021 ). Fish species naturally susceptible to IPNV are listed in Table 3 (Munang'andu et al., 2016 ; Fisheries and Ocean Canada, 2017 ; Rimsta, 2019 ; Duan et al., 2021 ; Tapia et al., 2022 ).…”

Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity against Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) of a Copper (I) Homoleptic Complex with a Coumarin as Ligand

“…The aquatic infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a severe disease in farmed salmonid fish that causes great economic losses in the aquaculture industry. At present, IPNV is among the most persistent salmonid pathogens in Chile [ 1 ]. This virus belongs to the genus Aquabirnaviru family Birnaviridae [ 2 ].…”