Infectious Meningitis

Abstract

Infectious meningitis is a large public health concern, especially in children and immunocompromised patients. Although the epidemiology of meningitis has shown significant decline in past decades, partly due to the introduction of vaccines, outbreaks are still reported worldwide. Diagnosis of meningitis is of critical importance, and it is considered to be one of the most urgent of the microbiological medical emergencies. In order to improve the treatment strategy, various diagnostic methods have been developed to detect the presence of infectious agents that cause meningitis, as well as their antibiotic resistance patterns. This article aims to enhance the understanding of meningitis and to highlight the most current updates that describe outbreaks of meningitis and the subsequent investigations. We also describe the current diagnosis and treatment options. CMN

The epidemiology and clinical spectrum of melioidosis in a teaching hospital in a North-Eastern state of Malaysia: a fifteen-year review

“…In the present study, only 20 cases of osteoarticular involvement were reported over 15 years review, which concurs with other previous surveys [ 6 , 8 ]. The reason behind the low-rate involvement of osteoarticular tissue in melioidosis might be attributed to the low blood supply to these locations comparing to other organs and, in parallel, the fact that the majority of melioidosis cases are bacteremic and affect mostly organs rich with blood supply such as liver, spleen, lungs and brain [ 34 , 35 ]. In another study performed in tropical Australia, the percentages of primary and secondary melioidotic septic arthritis among 536 confirmed cases were 2.4 % and 2.6 %, respectively [ 36 ].…”

Deciphering the role of nanoparticles for management of bacterial meningitis: an update on recent studies

“…1 ). Meningitis may instigate necrosis, reduced CSF and blood flow, and malfunctioning of central nervous system (CNS)(Zueter and Zaiter 2015 ). Meningitis might be outcome of either infectious or non-infectious sources (Barani et al 2021 ).…”

“…Infectious meningitis is a severe CNS disorder which, as a result of microbial infection, causes inflammation of the meninges. Usually, this is induced through viruses and bacteria and occasionally via parasites and fungi (Zueter and Zaiter 2015 ). The viral infection in CNS produces inflammation in separate anatomical regions such as the meninges, brain parenchyma, and cranial nerves or in various areas at the same time.…”

“…An inflammatory spectrum known as meningoencephalitis can occur pathologically between these neighbouring anatomical regions (Wright et al 2019 ). Viral meningitis is generally prevalent in comparison to bacterial meningitis nevertheless it is comparatively less severe (Zueter and Zaiter 2015 ). Most cases of community-acquired aseptic meningitis are viral meningitis which is most frequently caused by enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus, type 9 echovirus) (Ranson et al 2020 ) and enteroviruses (Zueter and Zaiter 2015 ).…”

“…Viral meningitis is generally prevalent in comparison to bacterial meningitis nevertheless it is comparatively less severe (Zueter and Zaiter 2015 ). Most cases of community-acquired aseptic meningitis are viral meningitis which is most frequently caused by enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus, type 9 echovirus) (Ranson et al 2020 ) and enteroviruses (Zueter and Zaiter 2015 ). However, other causes include lymphocytic choriomeningitis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex and mumps virus (Ranson et al 2020 ).…”