Infectious Endocarditis in Dentistry: A Summary Review on Risks and Therapies

Abstract

Introduction: Endocarditis is a severe infection of the heart's inner lining caused by several types of bacteria, including those found in the mouth. Dental procedures have been linked to a higher risk of developing endocarditis in vulnerable individuals. Materials and Method: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search will be limited to studies published in English from January 2003 to Jan 2023. The following search terms will be used: "endocarditis," "infective endocarditis," "dental procedures," "dental care," "oral hygiene," "antibiotic prophylaxis," and "prevention." In this article, we review the evidence regarding the risk of endocarditis in dentistry and the measures that can be taken to prevent it. Evidence acquisition: Studies have shown that invasive dental procedures, such as tooth extractions and periodontal surgery, can cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream, leading to infective endocarditis. Specific individuals are at higher risk of developing endocarditis, including those with pre-existing heart conditions, prosthetic heart valves, and a history of endocarditis. Evidence Synthesis: To minimize the risk of endocarditis in dental patients, the American Heart Association (AHA) has issued guidelines for using antibiotics.