Infectious Diarrhea

Fitzwater, Sean; Chandran, Aruna; Kosek, Margaret; Santosham, Mathuram

doi:10.1002/9781118148594.ch5

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Prüss-Ustun and Carvalan ( 2006 ) demonstrated that the lack of water, sanitation, and hygiene system is responsible for 29% of diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries, mainly in cities with a growing population. Fitzwater et al ( 2011 ) noted that about 88% of diarrhoeal diseases are attributed to poor water quality and hygiene. Our previous study (Kapembo et al 2019 ) demonstrated 61% of people living in suburban municipalities of Mont Ngafula (Kinshasa) suffered from waterborne diseases: diarrhoea (11%); gastroenteritis disorders (7%); typhoid fever (5%); amoebic dysentery (5%); filariasis (4%) and cholera (less than 1%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of water supply and assessment of groundwater quality in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke, Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Kapembo

Mukeba

Sivalingam

et al. 2021

Sustain. Water Resour. Manag.

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In many suburban municipalities of developing countries, the household drinking water comes mainly from groundwater including, wells, streams and springs. These sources are vulnerable because poor hygienic conditions and sanitation prevail causing persistence and recurrent waterborne diseases. In this research, a survey study on water resource use and an epidemiological survey of waterborne diseases were conducted among users of water points and medical institutions in suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke (Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo). In addition, physicochemical (temperature, pH, O2, electrical conductivity, and soluble ions: Na+, K+, PO43−, SO42−, NO3−, NO2−) and bacteriological (FIB: faecal indicator bacteria) analyses of water from 21 wells and springs were performed according to the seasonal variations. FIB included Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus and Total Coliforms. The survey results indicate that more than 75% of the patients admitted to local medical institutions between 2016 and 2019 are affected by waterborne diseases, including typhoid fever, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis disorders and cholera. Except for NO3− in some sites, the water physicochemical parameter values are within WHO permissible limits for drinking/domestic water quality. On the contrary, the results revealed high FIB levels in water from unmanaged wells and springs during rainy and dry seasons. The microbiological pollution was significantly higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season. Interestingly, no FIB contamination was observed in water samples from managed/developed wells. The results from this study will guide local government decisions on improving water quality to prevent recurrent waterborne diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of water supply and assessment of groundwater quality in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke, Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Kapembo

Mukeba

Sivalingam

et al. 2021

Sustain. Water Resour. Manag.

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“…Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a significant problem, an important cause of hospitalisation and one of the leading causes of paediatric mortality in developing countries. 1 2 In 2004, AGE led to around 1.8 million deaths of children below 5 years worldwide. 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the USA and the European Union, the number of admissions due to AGE in children aged <5 years accounts for 13% and 11% of all hospitalisations in this age group, respectively. 1 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol of the study: the effectiveness of pleuran in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children—a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (EPTAGE)

2021

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Introduction Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of children’s morbidity and mortality globally. Oral or intravenous rehydration was proven effective in reducing the mortality rates in acute gastroenteritis, although it does not affect the course of the disease. Attempts to identify new therapeutic methods effective in reducing the symptoms of diarrhoea are of interest. Pleuran’s potential immunomodulatory effect in acute gastrointestinal infection relies on the stimulation of innate immunity. The effectiveness of pleuran (β-(1,3/1,6)-d-glucan) administration to treat acute infectious diarrhoea remains unknown. This study evaluates the efficacy of pleuran in reducing diarrhoea duration and the severity of acute gastroenteritis symptoms in children. Methods and analysis Our study is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled superiority trial with two parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation ratio. A total of 120 children aged 2–10 years hospitalised or requiring a visit to the emergency department because of acute gastroenteritis will be randomly assigned to receive either pleuran oral suspension in the experimental group or matching placebo in the control group. The primary outcome measure will be the duration of diarrhoea. We will analyse the results in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches. Ethics and dissemination The Bioethics Committee of The Medical University of Warsaw approved the study protocol (approval number: KB/45/2018). Written informed consent of the patients’ caregivers participating in the study will be obligatory. The results of this study will be published in a medical journal, regardless of whether they confirm or deny the research hypothesis. Trial registration number NCT03988257; Pre-results.

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Infectious Diarrhea

Cited by 2 publications

References 153 publications

Survey of water supply and assessment of groundwater quality in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke, Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Survey of water supply and assessment of groundwater quality in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke, Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo

Protocol of the study: the effectiveness of pleuran in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children—a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (EPTAGE)

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