Infectious causes of acute encephalitis syndrome hospitalizations in Central India, 2018–20

Tandale, Babasaheb V.; Tomar, Shilpa; Bondre, Vijay P.; Sapkal, Gajanan; Damle, Rekha G.; Narang, Rahul; Qazi, Mohiuddin S.; Padmaja, G.; Jain, Manish; Jain, Dipty; Guduru, Vijay Kumar; Jain, Jyoti; Gosavi, Rajesh V.; Sekhar, V. Chandra; Infectious-Encephalitis-Aetiologies-Study-Group,; Pavitrakar, Daya V; Shankarraman, Vasudha; Mahamuni, S.A.; Salunkhe, Asha; Khude, Poornima; Deshmukh, Pravin Suryakantrao; Deshmukh, Pradeep; Raut, Abhishek; Niswade, Abhimanyu; Bansod, Y. V.; Narlawar, Uday; Talpalliwar, Manoj; Rathod, Pragati; P, Jha; Rao, R. Kondal; Jyothi, K.; Soujanya, B. Padmini; Kumar, Manjit; Kumar, Kapil; Taksande, Amar; Kumar, Sunil; Mudey, Gargi; Yelke, B.S.; Kamble, Milind B.; Tankhiwale, Supriya S.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105194

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The vaccination coverage studies are very important for assessing the local performance of vaccination programs 9 . The JE endemic districts in Maharashtra and Telangana states report the incidence of JE and AES cases despite the implementation of the routine JE vaccination 6,10 . Therefore, we implemented a vaccination coverage survey to understand the level of uptake of JE vaccination and thus guide local health decisions on prioritization of prevention and control measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage of Japanese encephalitis routine vaccination among children in central India

Tandale,

Deshmukh,

Narang

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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We aimed to estimate the coverage of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination in central India to help explain the continued occurrence of JE disease despite routine vaccination. We implemented a 30‐cluster survey for estimating the coverage of JE vaccination in the medium‐endemic areas implemented with JE vaccination in central India. The parents were enquired about the uptake of the JE vaccine by their children aged 2−6 years, followed by verification of the immunization cards at home along with reasons for non‐vaccination. Vaccination coverage was reported as a percentage with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We estimated high coverage of live‐attenuated SA 14‐14‐2 JE vaccination in Maharashtra (94.8%, 95% CI: 92.7−96.3) and Telangana (92.8%, 95% CI: 90.0−94.9). The vaccination card retention was 90.3% in Maharashtra and 70.4% in Telangana state. There were no gender differences in coverage in both states. A similar level of JE vaccination coverage was observed during the year 2013−2021 in both states. In Maharashtra, the maximum age‐wise coverage was 96.6% in the >60 months age category, whereas in Telangana it was in the <24 months age category (97.2%). The timeliness of JE vaccination was appropriate and similar in both states. We found a very good agreement between JE and measles‐rubella vaccinations administered simultaneously. The reasons for non‐vaccination were the shortage of vaccines and the parental migration for work. The coverage of JE vaccination was high in medium‐endemic regions in central India. Vaccination effectiveness studies may help further explain the continued incidence of JE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage of Japanese encephalitis routine vaccination among children in central India

Tandale,

Deshmukh,

Narang

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Thus, we studied 35 out of 42 available cases (Figure 1). The JE cases were verified and confirmed by anti‐JE virus IgM antibodies in serum ( n = 30) and CSF ( n = 1), anti‐JE virus IgM and PRNT ( n = 1), and a fourfold rise in anti‐JE virus antibodies based on PRNT ( n = 3) 13 . Among 35 enrolled JE cases, 21 were males.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Testing of samples for anti‐JEV IgM antibodies was performed using the kits provided by ICMR‐NIV, Pune, India; and validated by the WHO 10 . We considered plaque neutralization test (PRNT) assay for additional case confirmation where paired sera were tested for a fourfold rise in antibodies 11–13 . We interpreted a fourfold rise in convalescent sera as compared to acute sera as confirmation of JE by PRNT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The JE cases were verified and confirmed by anti-JE virus IgM antibodies in serum (n = 30) and CSF (n = 1), anti-JE virus IgM and PRNT (n = 1), and a fourfold rise in anti-JE virus antibodies based on PRNT (n = 3). 13 Among 35 enrolled JE cases, 21 were males. There were 21 cases from Maharashtra and 14 from Telangana.…”

Section: Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 We considered plaque neutralization test (PRNT) assay for additional case confirmation where paired sera were tested for a fourfold rise in antibodies. [11][12][13] We interpreted a fourfold rise in convalescent sera as compared to acute sera as confirmation of JE by PRNT.…”

Section: Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India

Tandale,

Khude,

Deshmukh

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease among children continues in central India despite vaccination implemented in the routine immunization program. Therefore, we planned to estimate the JE vaccination effectiveness among children by undertaking a 1:2 individually‐matched population‐based case‐control study from August 2018 to October 2020. The laboratory‐confirmed JE cases aged 1–15 years were enrolled along with neighborhood controls without fever and encephalitis matched on the residence area, age and sex. The JE vaccination history was enquired from parents and verified independently from the vaccination cards available at home and records at health facilities. We enrolled 35 JE cases and 70 matched controls. The vaccination effectiveness of 86.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.8–94.7) was estimated on the per‐protocol analysis of 31 case‐control sets. The screening method provided an effectiveness of 89.5% (CI: 78.9–94.7) on using the population vaccination coverage of 90% reported earlier in the same area. In conclusion, JE vaccination offered a moderate level of protection among children in JE medium‐endemic central India, similar to reports from high‐endemic areas in India. The operational aspects of vaccination program implementation need to be evaluated to assess the impact of vaccination on the disease burden of JE in medium‐endemic regions of India.

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Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India – Decadal Change and the Way Forward

Tandale,

Narang,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Indian Pediatr

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Infectious causes of acute encephalitis syndrome hospitalizations in Central India, 2018–20

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Coverage of Japanese encephalitis routine vaccination among children in central India

Coverage of Japanese encephalitis routine vaccination among children in central India

Effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among children in central India

Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India – Decadal Change and the Way Forward

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