Infectious canine hepatitis in red foxes (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) in the United Kingdom

Thompson, H.; O'Keeffe, A. M.; Lewis, John; Stocker, L. R.; Laurenson, M. Karen; Philbey, Adrian

doi:10.1136/vetreccr.b4763rep

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Another possible source of infection is wild carnivores susceptible to CAdV-1, in Western Europe being mainly foxes and mustelids. In some studies, a CAdV seroprevalence has been indicated in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) of 19% to 64.4% in the UK (Thompson et al, 2010;Walker et al, 2016a), 3,5% in Germany (Truyen et al, 1998), and 59,6% in Scandinavia (Akerstedt et al, 2010). Unfortunately, the serological examinations cannot distinguish CAdV-1 from CAdV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious canine hepatitis, not only in the textbooks: a brief review and three case reports

Jonge¹,

Brantegem²,

Chiers³

2020

VDT

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Infectious canine hepatitis (IHC) caused by canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) is a classic disease in dogs causing severe illness in non-vaccinated dogs. For this reason, CAdV-1 is incorporated in the standard core vaccination. Because of widespread vaccination, this disease is only rarely seen by the veterinary practitioner. However, ICH does occur in Belgium, especially when vaccination is not adequate. In this brief review, the authors intend to refresh the knowledge of ICH illustrated by three recent cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious canine hepatitis, not only in the textbooks: a brief review and three case reports

Jonge¹,

Brantegem²,

Chiers³

2020

VDT

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“…Occasional reports in domestic dogs have been published suggesting a recrudescence of the disease (Decaro et al 2007a). However, surveys conducted in domestic dogs between 1964-2006 in Brazil (Inkelmann et al 2007) detected 2.1% of ICH cases, while in UK 80 cases of ICH were reported in dogs submitted to one centre in the UK from 1986 to 2007 (Thompson et al 2010), providing evidence of ongoing exposure of susceptible dogs to CAdV-1 and suggesting that the occurrence of ICH has probably been underestimated due to underreporting in the last decades. The importance of considering CAdV-1 as a putative aetiological agent when clinical signs are consistent with ICH (Muller et al 2010), as well as persisting with vaccination against CAdV-1/ICH at a worldwide level is necessary in order to increase the immunity of dog populations and to reduce the risk of CAdV-1 transfer from wildlife reservoirs to susceptible dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal canine adenovirus type 1 acute infection in a Yorkshire Terrier puppy in Portugal: a case report

Duarte¹,

Henriques²,

Lima³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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This study reports the diagnostic algorithm followed for the identification of a fatal canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) infection in an unvaccinated 56 day-old puppy to overcome the limitations imposed by inconclusive histopathology hampered by body freezing. The animal was submitted to necropsy after a clinical history of lethargy, dehydration, vomiting and haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Pathological features, suggestive of infectious illness, included generalised gelatinous subcutaneous oedema, petechial, ecchymotic haemorrhages of the subcutaneous tissues and a friable uniformly yellow mottled liver. Differential diagnosis based on PCR ruled out the presence of most common gastrointestinal canine viruses and bacteriology and coprology confirmed that pathogenic bacteria and intestinal parasites did not account for the puppy's death. Strong amplification of CAdV-1 DNA was obtained from liver samples. Isolation of CAdV-1 in MDCK cells was subsequently demonstrated and sequencing analysis showed high similarity with CAdV-1 isolates from Europe. In the absence of serum, antibodies against CAdV-1 were investigated in lung tissue extracts. The presence of CAdV-1 infectious particles and absence of immune response was consistent with rapid progression of the infection and death of the animal two days after the onset of clinical signals, allowing a final diagnosis of the acute form of ICH. Antibodies against CAdV-1 were detected in sera collected from clinically healthy dogs from the same premises, 14-months after the index case, suggesting that the virus had circulated in the breeding kennel. We believe this to be the first report of CAdV-1 in Portugal where canine infectious hepatitis is considered a rare infection.Keywords: canine adenovirus type 1; CAdV-1; infectious canine hepatitis; Mastadenovirus List of abbreviations BID = twice a day, CAdV-1 = canine adenovirus type 1; CAdV-2 = canine adenovírus type 2, CCoV = canine coronavirus; CDV = canine distemper virus, CHV = canine herpesvirus, CPIV = canine parainfluenza virus, CPV = canine parvovirus, CPE = cytopathic effect, ELISA = enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, FCS = foetal calf serum, FITC = fluoresceine isothiocyanate, ICH = infectious canine hepatitis, IgG = immunoglobulin G, IIF = indirect immunofluorescence, LTE = lung tissue extract, MDCK = Madin-Darby canine kidney, PBS = phosphate-buffered saline, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, RV = rotavirus, SID = once a day

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“…Serological positivity to both CAdV types has been detected in additional members of the order Carnivora such as various bears, coyote, jackal, raccoon, wolf, etc. PCR detection and isolation were accomplished from samples of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the UK (Thompson et al, 2010) and in Italy (Balboni et al, 2013). More recently, new AdVs, genetically most closely related to CAdVs, have been discovered and, based on their clustering on the phylogenetic trees, a close common ancestry of CAdV-1, -2 and the AdV of certain vespertilionid bats have been hypothesized (Kohl et al, 2012;Vidovszky et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full genome sequence analysis of a novel adenovirus from a captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus)

et al. 2020

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The presence of a novel adenovirus (AdV) was detected by PCR and sequencing, in the internal organs of a captive polar bear that had died in the Budapest zoo. The virus content of the samples proved to be high enough to allow for conventional Sanger sequencing on PCR-amplified genomic fragments. With this approach, the sequence of the entire genome of the putative polar bear adenovirus 1 (PBAdV-1) was obtained. Although the genome was found to be short, consisting of 27,952 base pairs merely, with a relatively balanced G+C content of 46.3%, its organisation corresponded largely to that of a typical mastadenovirus. Every genus-common gene could be identified except that of protein IX. The short E3 region of the PBAdV-1 consisted of two novel, supposedly type-specific ORFs only, whereas no homologue of any of the E3 genes, usually conserved in mastadenoviruses, such as for example that of the 12.5K protein, were present. In the E4 region, only the highly conserved gene of the 34K protein was found besides two novel 2 ORFs showing no homology to any known E4 ORFs. In silico sequence analysis revealed putative splicing donor and acceptor sites in the genes of the E1A, IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, pTP, 33K proteins, and also of U exon protein, all being characteristic for mastadenoviruses. Phylogenetic calculations, based on various proteins, further supported that the newly-detected PBAdV is the representative of a new species within the genus Mastadenovirus, and may represent the evolutionary lineage of adenoviruses that coevolved with carnivorans.

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Infectious canine hepatitis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Infectious canine hepatitis, not only in the textbooks: a brief review and three case reports

Infectious canine hepatitis, not only in the textbooks: a brief review and three case reports

Fatal canine adenovirus type 1 acute infection in a Yorkshire Terrier puppy in Portugal: a case report

Full genome sequence analysis of a novel adenovirus from a captive polar bear (Ursus maritimus)

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