Infectious Canine Hepatitis in a Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)

Gerhold, Richard W.; Allison, Andrew B.; Temple, Danielle L.; Chamberlain, Michael J.; Strait, Karen; Keel, M. Kevin

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-43.4.734

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The in vitro host ranges of BtAdVs and CAdVs were examined using two viruses: (i) BtAdV 250-A (Vero E6 passage 3) and (ii) CAdV 24-05 (MDCK passage 3). The CAdV 24-05 isolate (serotype 1) was recovered from the liver of a gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) with infectious canine hepatitis sampled in Georgia in 2005 (83). For comparative replication studies between the two viruses, we used the following bat and carnivore cell lines: (i) Tb1Lu (Mexican free-tailed bat [Tadarida brasiliensis] lung), (ii) FoLu (gray fox lung), (iii) A72 (domestic dog [Canis lupus familiaris] tumor), and (iv) Mpf (domestic ferret [Mustela putorius furo] brain).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Cryo-electron Microscopy Capsid Structure of a North American Bat Adenovirus and Its Relationship to Other Mastadenoviruses

Hackenbrack

Rogers

Ashley

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Since the first description of adenoviruses in bats in 2006, a number of micro-and megabat species in Europe, Africa, and Asia have been shown to carry a wide diversity of adenoviruses. Here, we report on the evolutionary, biological, and structural characterization of a novel bat adenovirus (BtAdV) recovered from a Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) in Kentucky, USA, which is the first adenovirus isolated from North American bats. This virus (BtAdV 250-A) exhibits a close phylogenetic relationship with Canine mastadenovirus A (CAdV A), as previously observed with other BtAdVs. To further investigate the relationships between BtAdVs and CAdVs, we conducted mass spectrometric analysis and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of the BtAdV 250-A capsid and also analyzed the in vitro host ranges of both viruses. Our results demonstrate that BtAdV 250-A represents a new mastadenovirus species that, in contrast to CAdV, has a unique capsid morphology that contains more prominent extensions of protein IX and can replicate efficiently in a phylogenetically diverse range of species. These findings, in addition to the recognition that both the genetic diversity of BtAdVs and the number of different bat species from disparate geographic regions infected with BtAdVs appears to be extensive, tentatively suggest that bats may have served as a potential reservoir for the cross-species transfer of adenoviruses to other hosts, as theorized for CAdV.IMPORTANCE Although many adenoviruses are host specific and likely codiverged with their hosts over millions of years, other adenoviruses appear to have emerged through successful cross-species transmission events on more recent time scales. The wide geographic distribution and genetic diversity of adenoviruses in bats and their close phylogenetic relationship to Canine mastadenovirus A (CAdV A) has raised important questions about how CAdV A, and possibly other mammalian adenoviruses, may have emerged. Although most adenoviruses tend to cause limited disease in their natural hosts, CAdV A is unusual in that it may cause high morbidity and sometimes fatal infections in immunocompetent hosts and is thus an important pathogen of carnivores. Here, we performed a comparative evolutionary and structural study of representative bat and canine adenoviruses to better understand the relationship between these two viral groups.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Cryo-electron Microscopy Capsid Structure of a North American Bat Adenovirus and Its Relationship to Other Mastadenoviruses

Hackenbrack

Rogers

Ashley

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…CAV-R 5'-TCAG-TAAAAGRAGCAAC-3'. The primers made it possible to amplify a gene fragment of 235 base pairs (Gerhold et al 2007).…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of a fragment of gene E1B 19K of canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2) isolated from dogs with symptoms of cough

Kalinowski

Adaszek²,

Miłoszowska³

et al. 2012

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The aim of this study was to perform molecular analysis of canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2) E1B 19K gene fragment isolated from 20 dogs of various breeds (12 males and 8 females aged 1-9 years), with clinical symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, from the Lubelszczyzna region. Nasal swabs were taken from dogs. DNA of CAV-2 was detected using the PCR method in 16 swabs. All PCR products were sequenced, and the obtained sequences were compared with each other and with the sequence of the E1B 19K gene of the CAV-2 strain from an online database of NCBI GenBank: AC 000003. Based on analysis of the obtained sequences, three polymorphic variants of CAV-2 (No.1-3) with homology of 78 - 100% were distinguished. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the most frequently represented polymorphic variant, No. 1, differed from the sequences of polymorphic variant No. 2 with one substitution. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the E1B 19K gene of CAV-2 AC 000003 differed from the analogous sequences of representatives of variant No. 1 with 44 nucleotide and 19 amino acid substitutions. The small number of nucleotide differences in the E1B 19K CAV-2 gene among the examined own isolates, compared with AC 000003, suggest that the infections in dogs were caused by a relatively genetically stable virus which occurs in eastern Poland.

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“…However, there have been several documented cases of ICH in free-ranging species, including a grey fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ) in Georgia, USA6, and three cases in red foxes in the UK7. Furthermore, disease appears not to be restricted to canids; fatal ICH has been suspected in hospitalised black bear cubs ( Ursus americanus ) in the USA8 and a captive Eurasian otter ( Lutra lutra ) in Seoul, South Korea9.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serological and molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom

Walker

Fee

Hartley

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), a frequently fatal disease which primarily affects canids. In this study, serology (ELISA) and molecular techniques (PCR/qPCR) were utilised to investigate the exposure of free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to CAV-1 in the United Kingdom (UK) and to examine their role as a wildlife reservoir of infection for susceptible species. The role of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), primarily a respiratory pathogen, was also explored. In foxes with no evidence of ICH on post-mortem examination, 29 of 154 (18.8%) red foxes had inapparent infections with CAV-1, as detected by a nested PCR, in a range of samples, including liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and lung. CAV-1 was detected in the urine of three red foxes with inapparent infections. It was estimated that 302 of 469 (64.4%) red foxes were seropositive for canine adenovirus (CAV) by ELISA. CAV-2 was not detected by PCR in any red foxes examined. Additional sequence data were obtained from CAV-1 positive samples, revealing regional variations in CAV-1 sequences. It is concluded that CAV-1 is endemic in free-ranging red foxes in the UK and that many foxes have inapparent infections in a range of tissues.

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Infectious Canine Hepatitis in a Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Evolution and Cryo-electron Microscopy Capsid Structure of a North American Bat Adenovirus and Its Relationship to Other Mastadenoviruses

Evolution and Cryo-electron Microscopy Capsid Structure of a North American Bat Adenovirus and Its Relationship to Other Mastadenoviruses

Molecular analysis of a fragment of gene E1B 19K of canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2) isolated from dogs with symptoms of cough

Serological and molecular epidemiology of canine adenovirus type 1 in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom

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