Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures

Wit, Janneke; Cook, Jane K.A.; Heijden, H.M.J.F. van der

doi:10.1080/03079457.2011.566260

Cited by 333 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…More than 50 serotypes of IBV have been documented since the first isolation of virus in Massachusetts (Mass), US in the 1930 s2. The most commonly detected genotype of IBV in the US is Ark-DPI, accounting for 23% to 65% of total isolation per year4. While most strains circulating in the US cause respiratory symptoms, nephropathogenic QX-like strains are dominant in Europe2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile

Lin

Chen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses economic threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Pathogenic IBV 3575/08 was isolated from broilers vaccinated with the attenuated viral vaccine derived from a Taiwan strain 2575/98. In this study, extensive investigations were conducted on the genome sequences, antigenicity, pathogenicity, and host immune responses of several IBV strains in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Sequence analyses revealed that 3575/08 and 2575/98 shared high homology in their structural genes, but not in non-structural accessory proteins such as 3a, 3b and 5b. Despite a high degree of homology in their spike protein genes, cross neutralization test showed low cross protection between 3575/08 and 2575/98, suggesting distinct antigenicity for the two strains. Animal challenge experiments exhibited strong respiratory and renal pathogenicity for 3575/08. In addition, early and prolonged viral shedding and rapid viral dissemination were observed. Immune gene expression profiling by PCR array showed chickens infected with 3575/08 had delayed expression of a subset of early innate immune genes, whereas chickens infected with the wild-type or attenuated-type 2575/08 revealed quick gene induction and efficient virus control. In summary, this study reveals a new IBV strain, which harbors a known local genotype but displays remarkably altered antigenicity, pathogenicity and host defenses.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile

Lin

Chen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…The high IB viral load in intestinal tract has been previously observed. IBV is shed via both the respiratory tract and the feces, and can persist in the birds and the intestinal tract for several weeks or months (De Wit et al, 2011). Lucio and Fabricant (1990) determined the tropism of three cloacal isolates and Massachusetts strain of IBV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity characteristics of an Iranian variant-2 (IS-1494) like infectious bronchitis virus in experimentally infected SPF chickens

Najafi¹,

Langeroudi²,

Hashemzadeh³

et al. 2016

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Summary. -Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a major cause of economic loss to the poultry industry. IB virus primarily affects respiratory tract, but strains differ in their tropism for such other target organs as kidneys and alimentary tract. The objective of this study was to estimate the pathogenicity of an Iranian IB virus (IBV) variant (variant-2) which is one of the most prevalent isolates circulating in Iranian poultry farms. SPF chickens were intranasally inoculated with 10 4 EID 50 /0.1 ml of the virus. Sera, fecal swabs, and different tissue samples were collected on different days post infection. Clinical signs, gross pathology, and histological changes were recorded. The amount of virus genome was quantified in different tissues and feces using quantitative real-time PCR assay. The highest viral loads were detected in the feces and cecal tonsils. Real-time PCR results demonstrated variant-2 tropism for respiratory tract, digestive system and renal tissue that is due to its epitheliotropic nature. This is the first pathogenicity study of Iranian variant-2 virus. Based on histology observations and clinical signs this isolate was classified as a nephropathogenic IBV. Further knowledge of IBV pathogenesis permits to perform more effective prevention practice.

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“…An antibody response to the M protein has also been reported in chicks vaccinated with either live or inactivated IBV (53). IBV is characterized by the capacity to evolve both by spontaneous mutation and by genetic recombination, mainly in the hypervariable regions of the S gene (95).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immune Responses to Virulent and Vaccine Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in Chickens

2015

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Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious chicken viral disease, causing severe economic losses to poultry producers worldwide. In the last few decades, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been extensively studied, but knowledge of immune responses to virulent or vaccine strains of IBVs remains limited. This review focuses on fundamental aspects of immune responses against IBV, including the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in identification of conserved viral structures and the role of different components of innate immunity (e.g., heterophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, acute phase protein, and cytokines). Studies on adaptive immune activation and the role of humoral and cellular immunity in IBV clearance are also reviewed. Multiple interlinking immune responses are essential for protection against virulent IBVs, including passive, innate, adaptive, and effector T cells active at mucosal surfaces. Although the development of approaches for chicken transcriptome and proteome analyses have greatly helped the understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms for immunity, there are still major knowledge gaps, such as the role of mucosal and cellular responses to IBVs. In view of recent reports of emergent IBV variants in many countries, there is renewed interest in a more complete understanding of poultry immune responses to both virulent and vaccine strains of IBVs. This will be critical for developing new vaccine or vaccination strategies and other intervention programs.

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Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures

Cited by 333 publications

References 144 publications

Identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile

Identification of an infectious bronchitis coronavirus strain exhibiting a classical genotype but altered antigenicity, pathogenicity, and innate immunity profile

Pathogenicity characteristics of an Iranian variant-2 (IS-1494) like infectious bronchitis virus in experimentally infected SPF chickens

Immune Responses to Virulent and Vaccine Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in Chickens

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