Infectious Bronchitis Virus Antibodies in Tears and Their Relationship to Immunity

Gelb, Jack; Nix, W. A.; Gellman, SD

doi:10.2307/1592487

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…AIV-specific antibodies have been detected in bile of ducks infected with AIV (24). Also, mucosal antibodies have been detected in tears of chickens after infection with Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus and were associated with partial protection against virus challenge (25,26). In humans, rotavirus-specific IgA in fecal specimens was directly correlated with protection against rotavirus illness (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effect of Serial Infections with H13 and H16 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Black-Headed Gulls

Verhagen

Höfle

Amerongen

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Infections of domestic and wild birds with low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have been associated with protective immunity to subsequent infection. However, the degree and duration of immunity in wild birds from previous LPAIV infection, by the same or a different subtype, are poorly understood. Therefore, we inoculated H13N2 (A/black-headed gull/Netherlands/7/ 2009) and H16N3 (A/black-headed gull/Netherlands/26/2009) LPAIVs into black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus), their natural host species, and measured the long-term immune response and protection against one or two reinfections over a period of >1 year. This is the typical interval between LPAIV epizootics in wild birds. Reinfection with the same virus resulted in progressively less virus excretion, with complete abrogation of virus excretion after two infections for H13 but not H16. However, reinfection with the other virus affected neither the level nor duration of virus excretion. Virus excretion by immunologically naive birds did not differ in total levels of excreted H13 or H16 virus between first-and second-year birds, but the duration of H13 excretion was shorter for second-year birds. Furthermore, serum antibody levels did not correlate with protection against LPAIV infection. LPAIV-infected gulls showed no clinical signs of disease. These results imply that the epidemiological cycles of H13 and H16 in black-headed gulls are relatively independent from each other and depend mainly on infection of firstyear birds. IMPORTANCELow-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) circulate mainly in wild water birds but are occasionally transmitted to other species, including humans, where they cause subclinical to fatal disease. To date, the effect of LPAIV-specific immunity on the epidemiology of LPAIV in wild birds is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of H13 and H16 LPAIV infection in black-headed gulls on susceptibility and virus excretion of subsequent infection with the same or the other virus within the same breeding season and between breeding seasons. These are the only two LPAIV hemagglutinin subtypes predominating in this species. The findings suggest that H13 and H16 LPAIV cycles in black-headed gull populations are independent of each other, indicate the importance of first-year birds in LPAIV epidemiology, and emphasize the need for alternatives to avian influenza virus (AIV)-specific serum antibodies as evidence of past LPAIV infection and correlates of protection against LPAIV infection in wild birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effect of Serial Infections with H13 and H16 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Black-Headed Gulls

Verhagen

Höfle

Amerongen

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…In other viral diseases, such as infectious bronchitis, concentrations of specific IgA in both saliva and lacrimal fluid were higher in highly resistant lines than in susceptible lines after either intranasal or eye drop inoculation of virulent infectious brochitis virus (IBV) (Cook et al, 1992). In contrast, Gelb et al (1998) reported that antibody production in tears of vaccinated birds was not an accurate indicator of IBV immunity as determined with challenge studies. It was suggested that mechanisms other than antibody mediated-immunity in tears are important in IBV resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of vaccinated and unvaccinated Egyptian chickens to very virulent infectious bursal disease virus

Hassan¹,

Afify

Aly³

2002

Avian Pathology

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The responses of vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens of different breeds to infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) were investigated. Five-week-old chickens of five Egyptian breeds (Fayoumi, Balady, Golden, Mandarah, and Gimmizah), and foreign White Leghorn pullets were tested. In unvaccinated birds, mortality, relative bursa and spleen weight, bursal lesion score, antibody titres and the response of blood lymphocytes to mitogens were examined. The Gimmizah and Fayoumi birds showed the greatest susceptibility to infection with mortalities of 85 and 47%, respectively.

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“…IBV-specific IgA antibodies have also been demonstrated in lachrymal fluid, which correlated with resistance to IBV reinfection (23,30,41,99). IBV-specific IgA antibodies in lachrymal fluid were initially detected 10 days after vaccination with live attenuated Ark DPI-type IBV vaccine.…”

Section: Antibody Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some studies have reported that local antibodies play a role in protecting the respiratory tract principally in the prevention of reinfections (48,51,99) and that the HG contributes to the protective local immunity (23,28,48,99,101). Alternatively, Gelb et al (41) found that some chickens with high tear IBV antibody titers were susceptible to IBV and that some chickens with low tear titers were protected, suggesting that mechanisms other than antibody-mediated immunity in tears are important in viral clearance following infection.…”

Section: Role Of Antibodies In Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that IBV-specific IgG responses were less protective against IBV than against IBV-specific IgA antibodies found in tears (99). Furthermore, IBV-specific IgA antibodies were first detected in tears and later in serum, which suggests that IgA is important in neutralizing IBV at mucosal surfaces and is thought to play a role in the control of IBV locally (30,41). In a study involving transcriptome analysis of tracheal samples from chickens ocularly vaccinated with attenuated IBV-Mass, a marked decreased was reported in expression of IgA at 8 and 12 dpi.…”

Section: Role Of Antibodies In Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Responses to Virulent and Vaccine Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in Chickens

2015

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Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious chicken viral disease, causing severe economic losses to poultry producers worldwide. In the last few decades, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been extensively studied, but knowledge of immune responses to virulent or vaccine strains of IBVs remains limited. This review focuses on fundamental aspects of immune responses against IBV, including the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in identification of conserved viral structures and the role of different components of innate immunity (e.g., heterophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, acute phase protein, and cytokines). Studies on adaptive immune activation and the role of humoral and cellular immunity in IBV clearance are also reviewed. Multiple interlinking immune responses are essential for protection against virulent IBVs, including passive, innate, adaptive, and effector T cells active at mucosal surfaces. Although the development of approaches for chicken transcriptome and proteome analyses have greatly helped the understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms for immunity, there are still major knowledge gaps, such as the role of mucosal and cellular responses to IBVs. In view of recent reports of emergent IBV variants in many countries, there is renewed interest in a more complete understanding of poultry immune responses to both virulent and vaccine strains of IBVs. This will be critical for developing new vaccine or vaccination strategies and other intervention programs.

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Infectious Bronchitis Virus Antibodies in Tears and Their Relationship to Immunity

Cited by 49 publications

References 22 publications

Long-Term Effect of Serial Infections with H13 and H16 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Black-Headed Gulls

Long-Term Effect of Serial Infections with H13 and H16 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Black-Headed Gulls

Susceptibility of vaccinated and unvaccinated Egyptian chickens to very virulent infectious bursal disease virus

Immune Responses to Virulent and Vaccine Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in Chickens

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