Infectious Atrophic Rhinitis of Swine

Runnels, L J

doi:10.1016/s0196-9846(17)30107-6

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…He also suggested an etiologic relationship between the nasal trichomonad and atrophic rhinitis, which stimulated active research on this subject (Brion and Cottereau 1954; Spindler et al 1953). Further studies, however, did not confirm the causal association of trichomonads with the porcine disease, and other etiologies of atrophic rhinitis have been identified (Backström 1992; Runnels 1982). Porcine trichomonads are now considered to be harmless commensals (BonDurant and Honigberg 1994).…”

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confidence: 95%

Cattle Pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller, 1928) and Pig Commensal Tritrichomonas suis (Gruby & Delafond, 1843) Belong to the Same Species

Tachezy

Hampl

et al. 2002

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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A number of reports suggest that the sexually transmitted pathogen of cattle, Tritrichomonasfoetus, and a gastrointestinal commensal of pigs, Tritrichomonas suis, are very similar and may be co-specific. A conclusive review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of these species has not been presented so far. Toward this end, we reexamined and compared porcine and bovine trichomonads with regard to their morphology, pathogenic potential, and DNA polymorphism. Using light and electron microscopy, no distinguishing features between T. foetus and T. suis strains were found in size, general morphology, and karyomastigont structure. Both bovine and porcine trichomonads showed pathogenic potential in the subcutaneous mouse assays and did not separate into distinct groups according to strain virulence. Three DNA fingerprinting methods (i.e. RFLP, RAPD, and PCR-based analysis of variable-length DNA repeats) that produce species-specific DNA fragment patterns did not distinguish between the bovine and porcine strains. Sequencing of a variable 502-bp DNA fragment as well as comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences did not reveal species-specific differences between the cattle and porcine strains. Therefore, we conclude that T. foetus and T. suis belong to the same species. To prevent confusion that may arise from T. foetus-T. suis synonymy, we propose to suppress the older name suis and maintain its accustomed junior synonym foetus as a nomen protectum for both cattle and porcine trichomonads. The case has been submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for ruling under its plenary power.

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confidence: 95%

Cattle Pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller, 1928) and Pig Commensal Tritrichomonas suis (Gruby & Delafond, 1843) Belong to the Same Species

Tachezy

Hampl

et al. 2002

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…56,57 However, additional investigation has shown it to be a harmless commensal in that host. 58,59 When trichomonosis was first described in cats in the late 1990s the infectious agent was identified as T foetus based on limited molecular comparison between bovine and feline isolates. 1 The identity of the bovine, porcine and feline isolates is of more than academic interest as many jurisdictions have endeavored to eliminate T foetus from their cattle populations using a variety of methods including testing the preputial membranes of bulls and, if found positive for this pathogen, culling these animals from the breeding population.…”

Section: Jfms Clinical Practice 263mentioning

confidence: 99%

The conundrum of feline trichomonosis: the more we learn the ‘trickier’ it gets

Gookin

Hanrahan

Levy

2017

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Practical relevance: Trichomonosis of the large intestine of the cat was described as a cause of chronic diarrhea over 20 years ago. The trichomonad was identified as Tritrichomonas foetus, with a genotype that is distinct from venereal T foetus of cattle. Clinical challenges: Despite multiple means for diagnosis of the infection, including light microscopy, protozoal culture and PCR amplification using species-specific primers, tests with even greater sensitivity are needed. Feline trichomonosis is resistant to all commonly used antiprotozoal drugs. Ronidazole is currently the only drug demonstrated to be effective in eliminating the infection from cats; however, this drug has a narrow safety margin and clinical resistance is increasingly recognized. The more we learn about trichomonosis in cats, the more complicated and controversial the infection has become, ranging from what we should call the organism to whether we should even bother trying to treat it. Global importance: Feline trichomonosis is recognized to occur worldwide and is regarded as one of the most common infectious causes of colitis in the domestic cat. The infection is widespread in catteries and shelters; and, while remission of diarrhea may occur over time, persistence of the infection is common. The culprit of infectionTrichomonads are members of the class Parabasalia, order Trichomonadida. These protozoa reside as parasites or commensals of animals, where they live in mucous membrane-lined, anaerobic-tomicroaerophilic, non-sterile organ cavities such as the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. As is the case for most anaerobic protozoa, trichomonads lack many of their own biosynthetic pathways and rely on the salvage of nutrients from their host for survival. They are spindle to tear-drop shaped, highly motile flagellates, similar in size to Giardia species. only trophozoites are present in the life cycle (no true cyst stage), division is by binary fission, and transmission occurs directly between hosts via ingestion of trophozoites. Trophozoites bear characteristic numbers of anteriorly directed flagella. in addition there is a single, posteriorly directed flagellum that arises at the anterior end and courses along the body creating an undulating membrane, which is a characteristic feature. A rigid, rod-shaped organelle, the axostyle, runs through the trophozoite and protrudes from the posterior end (Figure 1

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Association of the early stage of the subclinical form of atrophic rhinitis with hypothyroidism in growing pigs

Slebodzinski

Tratwal

1988

British Veterinary Journal

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Infectious Atrophic Rhinitis of Swine

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Cattle Pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller, 1928) and Pig Commensal Tritrichomonas suis (Gruby & Delafond, 1843) Belong to the Same Species

Cattle Pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmüller, 1928) and Pig Commensal Tritrichomonas suis (Gruby & Delafond, 1843) Belong to the Same Species

The conundrum of feline trichomonosis: the more we learn the ‘trickier’ it gets

Association of the early stage of the subclinical form of atrophic rhinitis with hypothyroidism in growing pigs

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