Infections of Central Nervous System Shunts

Pierce, Gardner; Thomas, Leipzig; Peter, Phillips

doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31044-6

Cited by 91 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 96 publications

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“…The intracranial catheter may also be seeded in the setting of bacterial meningitis [13,14]. The incidence of infection of ventriculoperitoneal shunts was approximately 8% to 10% in large trials [15]. Mechanical failure of the valvular system within the…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide Shuntography for the Evaluation of Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt in Children with Hydrocephalus

Zm¹,

Mr²,

Sc³

et al. 2016

J Nucl Med Radiat Ther

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Background: Radionuclide shuntography is a safe, simple and non-invasive functional imaging technique for determining ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunts tube patency with minimal radiation exposure. This is particularly useful in children with hydrocephalus in whom V-P shunt is inserted to divert CSF drainage.V-P shunts are, in many cases, permanent treatment option for children with hydrocephalus and radionuclide shuntography is becoming a very popular technique because of the increasing numbers and survival of children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus. Objective:The aim of this study is to document the usefulness of shuntography in the evaluation of V-P shunt in patients with hydrocephalus. Materials and Methods:All shuntograms performed in our institution from 2008 to 2015 were included in this study. Radionuclide shuntography was performed with Tc-99m DPTA injected into the shunt reservoir and images acquired using a dual headed MEDISO camera. A normal shuntogram is considered as free flow of radiotracer (Tc-99m DTPA) from site of injection to the distal end of shunt tube and spillage into the peritoneum.Results: A total of 56 children were studied comprising of 32 males and 24 females with age ranges of 5month to 11years. Different patterns of results were found, normal functioning shunt tube, partial block shunt tube due to infection or inflammatory debris and total blocked shunt tube due to mechanical defects. Conclusion:About 52% of our patients had partial blockage of their shunt tube. Patients who are diagnosed with a partial tube blockage will require only flushing of the tube and antibiotics treatment, while mechanically blocked tube will require shunt revision. This distinction is critical considering the cost of replacement of V-P shunt tube and the manpower time for surgery. There was no mortality or morbidity associated with radionuclide shuntography in our patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide Shuntography for the Evaluation of Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt in Children with Hydrocephalus

Zm¹,

Mr²,

Sc³

et al. 2016

J Nucl Med Radiat Ther

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Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. A review of 104 nationwide, consecutive cases

Jensen

Espersen²,

Skinhøj³

et al. 1993

Archives of Internal Medicine

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Central Nervous System Infections

Roos

2009

Staphylococci in Human Disease

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The central nervous system (CNS) is typically regarded as a privileged environment in the human body because of the innate protection afforded by the blood brain barrier. Nevertheless, various microbial pathogens are capable of infecting the nervous system, particularly in the immunocompromised host. Generally, CNS infections can be broadly categorized into infections of the meninges (meningitis), parenchyma (encephalitis), abscesses, granulomatous infections, and fungal infections. 2 CNS infections are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. In response to one of these pathogens, the brain, and sometimes the spinal cord, becomes inflamed. Treatment for a central nervous system infection varies depending on the kind of infection, where it is located in the body, and how rapidly it is progressing. 3

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Infections of Central Nervous System Shunts

Cited by 91 publications

References 96 publications

Radionuclide Shuntography for the Evaluation of Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt in Children with Hydrocephalus

Radionuclide Shuntography for the Evaluation of Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt in Children with Hydrocephalus

Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. A review of 104 nationwide, consecutive cases

Central Nervous System Infections

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