Infections in early life and premature acute coronary syndrome: A case-control study

Qanitha, Andriany; Mol, Bas A.J.M. de; Pabittei, Dara R.; Mappangara, Idar; Graaf, Yolanda van der; Dalmeijer, Geertje W.; Burgner, David; Uiterwaal, Cuno S.P.M.

doi:10.1177/2047487316640656

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Episodes of acute infections have been associated with carotid artery IMT in children, 17 whereas conflicting results on their association with the adulthood risk of cardiovascular events have been reported. 18 , 19 In the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study population, childhood infection–related hospitalizations have been associated significantly with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile and atherosclerotic phenotype in adulthood. 20 , 21 In addition, persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection may play a role in early lesion development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood Oral Infections With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

et al. 2019

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Key Points Question Are childhood oral infections or inflammatory conditions associated with the risk of adulthood subclinical atherosclerosis? Findings In this cohort study of 755 participants followed up for 27 years into adulthood, a number of clinical signs of oral infections in childhood were associated with both cumulative exposure to cardiovascular risk factors during the follow-up and subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. Meaning Childhood oral infections may be a modifiable risk factor for adult cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood Oral Infections With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

et al. 2019

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“…There are several possible confounders that may be relevant to analysis of an association between pregnancy complications and premature ACS in adult offspring. The following variables were therefore included in the regression analyses: adulthood lifestyle (current smoking status); dietary pattern (high salty food and monosodium glutamate (MSG) intake, and high fatty food intake); socioeconomic status (monthly income and college education); parental history of CVD; childhood infections, 20 21 and adulthood cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, raised fasting plasma glucose (≥6.1 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and body mass index (BMI)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we included childhood infections (yes/no) as a confounding variable, as we 20 and others 21 have reported that childhood infection is independently associated with an early CVD hospitalisation in adult life. We defined exposure to childhood infections if participants had experienced at least one severe infection during early childhood (0–5 years of age), as previously reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pregnancy-related conditions and premature coronary heart disease in adult offspring

et al. 2017

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Objective To investigate the association between complications during pregnancy and premature coronary heart disease in adult offspring. Methods We conducted a population-based casecontrol study of 153 Indonesian patients with a first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (age ≤55 years) and 153 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Data on complications during pregnancy (high blood pressure, preterm delivery) and maternal infections in pregnancy were obtained, together with sociodemographic data, clinical profiles, laboratory measurements and adulthood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at hospital admission or enrolment. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the association between overall pregnancy complications, and specific groupings of complications and premature ACS. Results Pregnancy-related hypertension and infection were more common in mothers of cases than controls. Pregnancy complications were associated with premature offspring ACS (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.0, p=0.004), and the association persisted in fully adjusted analyses (OR adjusted 4.5, 1.1 to 18.1, p=0.036). In subgroup analyses, pregnancy-related high blood pressure (OR adjusted 5.0, 1.0 to 24.7, p=0.050) and maternal infections (OR adjusted 5.2, 1.1 to 24.2, p=0.035) were associated with offspring ACS. Conclusions Offspring of mothers with complications during pregnancy have an increased risk for premature ACS in adulthood, which may be of particular relevance in populations in transition, where the incidence of both pregnancy-related morbidity and CVD are high.

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“…Inflammation and coagulative pathways are linked, and inflammation in acute infections is frequently followed by a procoagulant state, which is characterised by activation of procoagulant pathways and inhibition of anticoagulant pathways, and probably represents one of the most important mechanisms underlying infection-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). 6 This suggests another reason to protect against infection and identifies a post-infection window of increased CVD risk which both healthcare professionals and patients should be aware of, when additional monitoring or preventive interventions may be of particular value in reducing disease burden. 1 …”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Condition Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editor’s presentation

Piepoli

2017

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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Anti-hypertensive therapy reduces cardiovascular events and total mortality, but current hypertension guidelines do not make specific recommendations on what should be the first line anti-hypertensive therapy.1 The results of a new meta-analysis evaluating the effects of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on cardiovascular outcomes, in comparison with a control group, show that both classes of drugs have similar benefits on the reduction of acute myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure (HF) hospitalisation, but only ACEIs significantly reduced cardiovascular death and total mortality.

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Infections in early life and premature acute coronary syndrome: A case-control study

Abstract: Infections in early life may partly explain premature coronary heart disease in adulthood and may potentiate traditional cardiovascular risk factor effects.

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Association of Childhood Oral Infections With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

Association of Childhood Oral Infections With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

Pregnancy-related conditions and premature coronary heart disease in adult offspring

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