Infections Due to Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

Groote, Mary Ann De; Huitt, Gwen A.

doi:10.1086/504381

Cited by 359 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The mycobacteria were not evenly distributed, being detected only in the 5 th , 7 th , 8 th and 9 th collections. The most prevalent bacterial species recovered were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28), P. fluorescens (16), Bacillus cereus, P. stutzeri and Flavobacterium odoratum (8). PRA identification of isolates obtained from positive water samples showed that the predominant species of Mycobacterium were M. gastri 1 (3 = 33.3%) and M. kansasii 3 (3 = 33.3%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteria of the genes Mycobacterium have been isolated from a variety of natural aquatic habitats and are capable of growing in treated water and dialysis fluids, colonizing surfaces inside tanks, kidney machines and components of the water treatment system such as deionizing resins and reverse-osmosis membranes 11,32 . Due to their readiness to form biofilms, mycobacteria can colonize many parts of the dialysis water system 16 , being harder to eradicate by virtue of their tolerance to disinfectant chemicals, like chlorine and ozone, is several orders of magnitude higher than that of Escherichia coli 17,28 .…”

Section: Burkholderia Cepaciamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiological contamination of a hemodialysis center water distribution system

Montanari

Sartori

Cardoso

et al. 2009

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe microbiological monitoring of the water used for hemodialysis is extremely important, especially because of the debilitated immune system of patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency. To investigate the occurrence and species diversity of bacteria in waters, water samples were collected monthly from a hemodialysis center in upstate São Paulo and tap water samples at the terminal sites of the distribution system was sampled repeatedly (22 times) at each of five points in the distribution system; a further 36 samples were taken from cannulae in 19 hemodialysis machines that were ready for the next patient, four samples from the reuse system and 13 from the water storage system. To identify bacteria, samples were filtered through 0.22 µm-pore membranes; for mycobacteria, 0.45 µm pores were used. Conventional microbiological and molecular methods were used in the analysis. Bacteria were isolated from the distribution system (128 isolates), kidney machine water (43) and reuse system (3). Among these isolates, 32 were Gram-positive rods, 120 Gram-negative rods, 20 Gram-positive cocci and 11 mycobacteria. We propose the continual monitoring of the water supplies in hemodialysis centers and the adoption of effective prophylactic measures that minimize the exposure of these immunodeficient patients to contaminated sources of water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Burkholderia Cepaciamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological contamination of a hemodialysis center water distribution system

Montanari

Sartori

Cardoso

et al. 2009

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) which causes skin and soft tissue infections, and is an important cause of pneumonia in patients with structural abnormalities of the lung (De Groote & Huitt, 2006;Howard & Byrd, 2000;Griffith et al, 1993). It is also a pulmonary pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (Cullen et al, 2000;Fauroux et al, 1997;Olivier et al, 2003;Sermet-Gaudelus et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of the mmpL4b gene in the Mycobacterium abscessus glycopeptidolipid biosynthetic pathway results in loss of surface colonization capability, but enhanced ability to replicate in human macrophages and stimulate their innate immune response

et al. 2011

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Mycobacterium abscessus is considered to be the most virulent of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. Generation of bacterial gene knockout mutants has been a useful tool for studying factors that contribute to virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Until recently, the optimal genetic approach to generation of M. abscessus gene knockout mutants was not clear. Based on the recent identification of genetic recombineering as the preferred approach, a M. abscessus mutant was generated in which the gene mmpL4b, critical to glycopeptidolipid synthesis, was deleted. Compared to the previously well-characterized parental strain 390S, the mmpL4B deletion mutant had lost sliding motility and the ability to form biofilm, but acquired the ability to replicate in human macrophages and stimulate macrophage Toll-like receptor 2. This study demonstrates that deletion of a gene associated with expression of a cell-wall lipid can result in acquisition of an immunostimulatory, invasive bacterial phenotype and has important implications for the study of M. abscessus pathogenesis at the cellular level.

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“…The M. fortuitum group is more sensitive to several drugs than other rapidly growing mycobacteria making the treatment generally efective (3,7,12,28). Some of the effective drugs are: amikacin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, linezolid, clarithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefoxitin, and doxycycline (3,7,12,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the effective drugs are: amikacin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, linezolid, clarithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefoxitin, and doxycycline (3,7,12,28). However, the best treatment for M. peregrinum has not been established and significant differences may be expected among the M. fortuitum group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micobacteriosis diseminada con compromiso de válvula aórtica protésica: primer caso de Mycobacterium peregrinum de tipo III reportada en Colombia

Torres‐Duque¹,

Diaz²,

Vargas³

et al. 2011

biomedica

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Rapidly growing mycobacteria are non-tuberculous mycobacteria amply present in the environment. Although they are not usually pathogenic for humans, they are opportunistic in that they can cause disease in people with disadvantageous conditions or who are immunocompromised. Mycobacterium peregrinum, an opportunistic, rapidly growing mycobacteria, belongs to the M. fortuitum group and has been reported as responsible for human cases of mycobacteriosis. A case of M. peregrinum type III is herein reported as the first in Colombia. It presented as a disseminated disease involving a prosthetic aortic valve (endocarditis) in a seventeen-year-old girl with a well-established diagnosis of prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis who was referred for a surgical replacement. Due to a congenital heart disease (subaortic stenosis with valve insufficiency), she had two previous aortic valve implantation surgeries. One year after the second implantation, the patient presented with respiratory symptoms and weight lost indicative of lung tuberculosis. A chest X-ray did not show parenchymal compromise but several Ziehl-Neelsen stains were positive. An echocardiography showed a vegetation on the prosthetic aortic valve. In blood and sputum samples, M. peregrinum type III was identified through culture, biochemical tests and hsp65 gene molecular analysis (PRA). The patient underwent a valve replacement and received a multidrug antimycobacterial treatment. Progressive recovery ensued and further samples from respiratory tract and blood were negative for mycobacteria.Key words: Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium peregrinum infections, aortic valve, endocarditis, Colombia. Micobacteriosis diseminada con compromiso de válvula aórtica protésica: primer caso de Mycobacterium peregrinum de tipo III reportada en ColombiaLas micobacterias de rápido crecimiento son microorganismos pertenecientes a las micobacterias no tuberculosas que tienen amplia distribución ambiental. Aunque usualmente no son patógenas para los humanos, en condiciones desfavorables, pueden causar enfermedad en la población general o en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, por lo cual se consideran oportunistas. Mycobacterium preregrinum es una micobacteria de rápido crecimiento perteneciente al complejo fortuitum que ha sido reportado como responsable de casos de micobacteriosis en humanos. Se presenta el caso de una micobacteriosis por M. peregrinum de tipo III, el primero reportado en Colombia, en una paciente de 17 años de edad con una endocarditis de una válvula aórtica protésica, implantada inicialmente por estenosis subaórtica congénita con insuficiencia y, posteriormente, por estenosis aórtica relacionada con la válvula inicialmente implantada. Un año después del segundo implante, presentó sintomas respiratorios y pérdida de peso sugestivos de tuberculosis pulmonar. Las coloraciones de Ziehl-Neelsen del esputo fueron positivas aunque la radiografía de tórax no mostró compromiso del parénquima. En el ecocardiograma se encontró una vegetación en la válvula aórtica. En las muestras...

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Infections Due to Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

Cited by 359 publications

References 43 publications

Microbiological contamination of a hemodialysis center water distribution system

Microbiological contamination of a hemodialysis center water distribution system

Deletion of the mmpL4b gene in the Mycobacterium abscessus glycopeptidolipid biosynthetic pathway results in loss of surface colonization capability, but enhanced ability to replicate in human macrophages and stimulate their innate immune response

Micobacteriosis diseminada con compromiso de válvula aórtica protésica: primer caso de Mycobacterium peregrinum de tipo III reportada en Colombia

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