Infections After Shark Attacks in Australia

Royle, Jenny; Isaacs, David; Eagles, G. Hardy; Cass, Danny; Gilroy, Nicole; Chen, Sharon; Malouf, David; Griffiths, Christopher

doi:10.1097/00006454-199705000-00019

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Vibrio carchariae, initially mistaken for a Clostridium species, was isolated from an infected wound in a shark bite victim swimming off the South Carolina coast (176). Royle et al (194) reported two cases of infections following shark bites in Australia. The wound cultures from one of the patients grew Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas caviae, and the cultures from the other patient grew Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Proteus species, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium freundii, and an Enterococcus species.…”

Section: Sharksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of Animal Bite Wound Infections

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans is often polymicrobial, with a broad mixture of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Bacteria recovered from infected bite wounds are most often reflective of the oral flora of the biting animal, which can also be influenced by the microbiome of their ingested prey and other foods. Bacteria may also originate from the victim's own skin or the physical environment at the time of injury. Our review has focused on bite wound infections in humans from dogs, cats, and a variety of other animals such as monkeys, bears, pigs, ferrets, horses, sheep, Tasmanian devils, snakes, Komodo dragons, monitor lizards, iguanas, alligators/crocodiles, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, prairie dogs, swans, and sharks. The medical literature in this area has been made up mostly of small case series or case reports. Very few studies have been systematic and are often limited to dog or cat bite injuries. Limitations of studies include a lack of established or inconsistent criteria for an infected wound and a failure to utilize optimal techniques in pathogen isolation, especially for anaerobic organisms. There is also a lack of an understanding of the pathogenic significance of all cultured organisms. Gathering information and conducting research in a more systematic and methodical fashion through an organized research network, including zoos, veterinary practices, and rural clinics and hospitals, are needed to better define the microbiology of animal bite wound infections in humans.

show abstract

Section: Sharksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of Animal Bite Wound Infections

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…11 While there are approximately 370 known species of sharks, only 30 species are considered dangerous to humans. 8,12,13 Sharks are extremely powerful animals with excellent senses of smell, hearing and vision; some of the larger species are capable of throwing an adult human out of the water. 14 Many shark species have several rows of serrated teeth, which may break off during an attack, and can be used to identify the attacking species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 12 In addition to massive tissue loss and subsequent hypovolemic shock, shark attacks pose another major challenge: infection. Special attention should be paid to any areas of devitalized tissue in order to minimize the risk of delayed infection, which is extremely common for these wounds.…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Special attention should be paid to any areas of devitalized tissue in order to minimize the risk of delayed infection, which is extremely common for these wounds. 12,21 Numerous bacteria have been described to cause infections after shark bites with the most common being Vibrio and Aeromonas species. 8,12,21 Aside from a typical cellulitis or abscess, these bacteria have also been reported to cause a rapidly progressive cellulitis or myositis within the first several hours post-attack.…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,21 Numerous bacteria have been described to cause infections after shark bites with the most common being Vibrio and Aeromonas species. 8,12,21 Aside from a typical cellulitis or abscess, these bacteria have also been reported to cause a rapidly progressive cellulitis or myositis within the first several hours post-attack. 21,22 Serial wound evaluation is warranted to monitor for necrotizing infections, especially in the case of Vibro vulnificans or Vibro parahaemolyticus.…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Shark attack-related injuries: Epidemiology and implications for plastic surgeons

Ricci

Vargas

Singhal

et al. 2016

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Isaacs

Elliott²,

Gilbert³

et al. 2007

Evidence‐based Pediatric Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The skin and its appendages, and the subcutaneous tissue, deep fascia and muscle, can all develop infections under various circumstances. Patients with skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) often initially present to family physicians. The signs and symptoms of SSTIs may overlap, making a comprehensive diagnosis difficult. 1,2 Early clinical presentation may be deceptively innocent. 3 Furthermore, at presentation it is often difficult to assess the depth, severity and specific structures or tissues involved. All SSTIs represent a continuum of symptoms and should be considered collectively: • Erythema, warmth, oedema, skin discoloration and localised pain are common presenting signs in the case of superficial, complicated or deep infections. Epidemiology SSTIs are common bacterial infections seen by family practitioners and surgeons. They account for a substantial portion of Skin and soft-tissue infec tions The early clinical presentation of soft-tissue infections may be deceptive.

show abstract

Infections After Shark Attacks in Australia

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Microbiology of Animal Bite Wound Infections

Microbiology of Animal Bite Wound Infections

Shark attack-related injuries: Epidemiology and implications for plastic surgeons

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About