Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Results in Rapid Interleukin-1β Release and Macrophage Transepithelial Migration

Lamont, Elise A.; O’Grady, Scott M.; Davis, William C.; Eckstein, Torsten M.; Sreevatsan, Srinand

doi:10.1128/iai.06322-11

Cited by 27 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Bovine monocytes primed with IFN-␥ release IL-1␤ after stimulation with calcium-binding calgranulins (20), and bovine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have increased gene transcription and protein expression of IL-1␤ that are dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium and phagosome acidification (21). Brucella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

Olsen¹,

McGill²,

Sacco³

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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A lthough Brucella abortus can infect other mammalian species, cattle are the preferred host for this species of Brucella. As humans are effectively dead-end hosts, in that brucellosis is essentially not transmitted between people, the maintenance of disease in animal hosts is the source of human infection. For that reason, many industrialized countries have invested heavily in brucellosis control programs in livestock due to public health benefits from the reductions in disease prevalence in animal reservoirs. In the United States, it was estimated in 2000 that approximately 11 billion dollars had been spent in efforts to eradicate brucellosis from cattle. This investment was rewarded in 2008 by the announcement from the U.S. Department of Agriculture that for the first time in the United States, all 50 states were simultaneously free of cattle brucellosis. Despite the eradication of B. abortus from domestic livestock, the persistence of B. abortus infection in freeranging bison and elk at Yellowstone National Park and the surrounding areas remains a concern for the reintroduction of brucellosis to cattle.Previous studies have demonstrated that bison are more susceptible to infection with B. abortus than are cattle, and a single vaccination with B. abortus strain RB51 is effective in reducing the incidence of abortion and infection in bison after experimental challenge (1, 2). In a previous study with a small number of bison, we (3) demonstrated that booster vaccination with RB51 at a 13-month interval increased protection against experimental challenge compared to that provided by a single RB51 vaccination administered during calfhood. In the study reported here, we expand on the previous booster vaccination study with greater experimental units and more extensive bacteriologic and immunologic characterization. MATERIALS AND METHODSB. abortus cultures. For the immunologic assays, RB51 suspensions (1 ϫ 10 12 CFU/ml) were inactivated by gamma irradiation (1.4 ϫ 10 6 rads), washed in 0.15 M sodium chloride (saline), and stored at Ϫ70°C.Animals and inoculation. Eight-to 11-month-old bison heifers were obtained from a brucellosis-free herd. After acclimation, the bison were randomly assigned to receive either saline (control; n ϭ 7) or a single intramuscular vaccination with RB51 (n ϭ 24). Some of the vaccinated bison (n ϭ 16) were randomly selected for booster vaccination with RB51 at 11 months after the initial vaccination.A commercial RB51 vaccine was obtained in lyophilized form (Colorado Serum Company, Denver, CO) and diluted in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. All hand inoculations were of 2 ml in volume and administered intramuscularly in the cervical region drained by the superficial cervical lymph node. Following vaccination, the concen-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

Olsen¹,

McGill²,

Sacco³

et al. 2015

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…It is able to invade intestinal macrophages and is capable of resisting host defense and multiplies intra-cellularly to reach very high numbers. This is mainly due to the MAP capacity to inhibit activation of macrophages, inhibition of phagosome acidification and attenuate presentation of antigens to the immune cells [49]. MAP is able to modulate the ruminant innate immune response for their survival [50].…”

Section: Survival Mechanism Of Map Bacilli In Host Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival mechanisms of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> within host species and in the environment—A review

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Kumar³

et al. 2013

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as Johne's disease (JD) in domestic and wild ruminants including primates. MAP has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so called Crohn's disease (CD) of human beings, which is incurable even after surgery. By virtue of the pasteurization resistant power, high endemicity of the infection in animals continues to be the permanent source of infection to human population. High bio-burden of MAP in wide range of biotic (animal hosts including human beings) and abiotic environment in each and every country where it has been investigated, serves a reminder about the survival abilities of the MAP in diverse range of environmental conditions. Ability of the MAP to evade immune system of the host and the temporal events during infection of the macrophages, is an area of major concern and research activities as the pattern of distribution are quiet different from those of other pathogenic intracellular organisms. Moreover, the organism can survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as high and low environmental temperatures, pasteurization, low pH, and high salt concentration etc. This superior survival efficiency from environmental degradation and dormancy within host allows the pathogen to be available for causing disease and pathogenicity in animals and human beings, when conditions are favorable. Perusal of literature reveals that, despite the availability of whole genome sequence of MAP, a very little is known about the replication, persistence and survival mechanisms of this pathogen. Therefore, this review tries to address the survival mechanisms of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the different host species and adverse environmental conditions in order to allow designing of more rational diagnostic and control procedures.

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“…It is still not clear how the pathogen exits the enterocyte to enter the subepithelial macrophages. Unlike the host gene expression study by Khare et al, which examined intestinal permeability (24), transepithelial resistance was not measured, but the authors acknowledge that MAC-T cells have more diffuse tight junctions which may lessen the barrier to transepithelial migration (25). In addition, the induction of apoptosis or pyroptosis by secreted IL-1␤ was not examined as a possibility to explain the partial loss of membrane resistance.…”

Section: Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis Affects the Integrity Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast with macrophages that have been shown to arrest phagosome acidification and subsequent maturation (26), M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of MAC-T epithelial cells quickly leads to endosomal acidification (25). This acidification is necessary for IL-1␤ expression, which leads to macrophage transepithelial migration.…”

Section: Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis Affects the Integrity Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a permeable support system, Lamont and coworkers were able to artificially construct an epithelial cell layer from a bovine mammary gland epithelial cell line, MAC-T cells, along with bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) immediately underneath to represent subepithelial macrophages (25). They used this system to answer questions about transepithelial migration of M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis Affects the Integrity Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Holes Barred: Invasion of the Intestinal Mucosa by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Bannantine

Bermudez

2013

Infect Immun

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The infection biology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has recently crystallized, with added details surrounding intestinal invasion. The involvement of pathogen-derived effector proteins such as the major membrane protein, oxidoreductase, and fibronectin attachment proteins have been uncovered. Mutations constructed in this pathogen have also shed light on genes needed for invasion. The host cell types that are susceptible to invasion have been defined, along with their transcriptional response. Recent details have given a new appreciation for the dynamic interplay between the host and bacterium that occurs at the outset of infection. An initial look at the global expression pathways of the host has shown a circumvention of the cell communication pathway by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, which loosens the integrity of the tight junctions. We now know that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis activates the epithelial layer and also actively recruits macrophages to the site of infection. These notable findings are summarized along with added mechanistic details of the early infection model. We conclude by proposing critical next steps to further elucidate the process of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis invasion.

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Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Results in Rapid Interleukin-1β Release and Macrophage Transepithelial Migration

Abstract: ABSTRACTPathogen processing by the intestinal epithelium involves a dynamic innate immune response initiated by pathogen-epithelial cell cross talk. Interactions between epithelium andMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis Show more

Cited by 27 publications

References 55 publications

Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

Survival mechanisms of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> within host species and in the environment—A review

No Holes Barred: Invasion of the Intestinal Mucosa by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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Infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Results in Rapid Interleukin-1β Release and Macrophage Transepithelial Migration

Abstract: ABSTRACTPathogen processing by the intestinal epithelium involves a dynamic innate immune response initiated by pathogen-epithelial cell cross talk. Interactions between epithelium andMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis Show more

Cited by 27 publications

References 55 publications

Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51

Survival mechanisms of &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium avium&lt;/i&gt; subspecies &lt;i&gt;paratuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; within host species and in the environment—A review

No Holes Barred: Invasion of the Intestinal Mucosa by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

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Survival mechanisms of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies <i>paratuberculosis</i> within host species and in the environment—A review