Infection studies with two highly pathogenic avian influenza strains (Vietnamese and Indonesian) in Pekin ducks (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>), with particular reference to clinical disease, tissue tropism and viral shedding

Bingham, John; Green, Diane J.; Lowther, Sue; Klippel, Jessica; Burggraaf, Simon; Anderson, Danielle E.; Wibawa, Hendra; Hoa, Dong Manh; Long, Nguyễn Thành; Vu, Pham P.; Middleton, Deborah; Daniels, Peter

doi:10.1080/03079450903055371

Cited by 59 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…2,31 It is likely that other HPAI viruses would also exhibit tropism for feather structures, and therefore would be detectable in feather samples. 4 However, for LPAI viruses, which generally do not replicate systemically, swabs would remain the preferred sample for detection of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, there was no information on the use of feathers for diagnosis of Indonesian H5N1 HPAI viruses, which reportedly cause less severe disease in ducks than other strains of the virus. 2 Therefore, in our study, chickens and ducks were infected with 2 Indonesian H5N1 HPAI viruses of different subclades. A Vietnamese H5N1 HPAI virus was used as a comparison, as the virus has been reported to cause severe disease in ducks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 In contrast to low pathogenic avian Influenza A virus (LPAI virus) infection, in which replication is associated primarily with the mucosa of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, 25 the H5N1 HPAI virus is found in multiple organs of infected birds. 2,25,31 The case fatality in chickens is ~100%, 9,11,14 while in ducks it is less severe and may not even induce clinical signs, 2,11,27,31 although some viruses have been reported to cause high fatality in ducks. 23,28 Findings have shown that the virus is able to replicate in feather structures of infected ducks and chickens, as indicated by either the isolation of virus or the presence of viral antigen in feather structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,36 Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs are the samples recommended for detecting avian influenza viruses, 17,34,36 and have been widely used for avian influenza surveillance. Oropharyngeal swabs are reported as more reliable for H5N1 HPAI virus detection, 2,30 whereas cloacal swabs are more suitable for waterfowl infected with LPAI. 10 A previous study in domestic ducks showed that H5N1 HPAI virus was able to be reisolated over a longer period from feathers than from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,28 Findings have shown that the virus is able to replicate in feather structures of infected ducks and chickens, as indicated by either the isolation of virus or the presence of viral antigen in feather structures. 2,14,38,39 Several diagnostic methods, such as virus isolation (VI) and antigen and RNA detection tests, have been used to detect H5N1 virus in infected birds. 21,36 Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs are the samples recommended for detecting avian influenza viruses, 17,34,36 and have been widely used for avian influenza surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative evaluation of feathers, oropharyngeal swabs, and cloacal swabs for the detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in experimentally infected chickens and ducks

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs have been widely used for the detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virus (HPAI virus) in birds. Previous studies have shown that the feather calamus is a site of H5N1 virus replication and therefore has potential for diagnosis of avian influenza. However, studies characterizing the value of feathers for this purpose are not available, to our knowledge; herein we present a study investigating feathers for detection of H5N1 virus. Ducks and chickens were experimentally infected with H5N1 HPAI virus belonging to 1 of 3 clades (Indonesian clades 2.1.1 and 2.1.3, Vietnamese clade 1). Different types of feathers and oropharyngeal and cloacal swab samples were compared by virus isolation. In chickens, virus was detected from all sample types: oral and cloacal swabs, and immature pectorosternal, flight, and tail feathers. During clinical disease, the viral titers were higher in feathers than swabs. In ducks, the proportion of virus-positive samples was variable depending on viral strain and time from challenge; cloacal swabs and mature pectorosternal feathers were clearly inferior to oral swabs and immature pectorosternal, tail, and flight feathers. In ducks infected with Indonesian strains, in which most birds did not develop clinical signs, all sampling methods gave intermittent positive results; 3-23% of immature pectorosternal feathers were positive during the acute infection period; oropharyngeal swabs had slightly higher positivity during early infection, while feathers performed better during late infection. Our results indicate that immature feathers are an alternative sample for the diagnosis of HPAI in chickens and ducks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative evaluation of feathers, oropharyngeal swabs, and cloacal swabs for the detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in experimentally infected chickens and ducks

et al. 2015

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Pathobiology of avian influenza in domestic ducks

Pantin‐Jackwood

2016

Animal Influenza

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Molecular pathogenesis of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza: the role of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif

Luczo

Stambas

Durr

et al. 2015

Reviews in Medical Virology

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SummaryThe emergence of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza has caused a heavy socio‐economic burden through culling of poultry to minimise human and livestock infection. Although human infections with H5N1 have to date been limited, concerns for the pandemic potential of this zoonotic virus have been greatly intensified following experimental evidence of aerosol transmission of H5N1 viruses in a mammalian infection model. In this review, we discuss the dominance of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif as a pathogenicity determinant, the host‐pathogen molecular interactions driving cleavage activation, reverse genetics manipulations and identification of residues key to haemagglutinin cleavage site functionality and the mechanisms of cell and tissue damage during H5N1 infection. We specifically focus on the disease in chickens, as it is in this species that high pathogenicity frequently evolves and from which transmission to the human population occurs. With >75% of emerging infectious diseases being of zoonotic origin, it is necessary to understand pathogenesis in the primary host to explain spillover events into the human population. © 2015 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Infection studies with two highly pathogenic avian influenza strains (Vietnamese and Indonesian) in Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), with particular reference to clinical disease, tissue tropism and viral shedding

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

A comparative evaluation of feathers, oropharyngeal swabs, and cloacal swabs for the detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in experimentally infected chickens and ducks

A comparative evaluation of feathers, oropharyngeal swabs, and cloacal swabs for the detection of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in experimentally infected chickens and ducks

Pathobiology of avian influenza in domestic ducks

Molecular pathogenesis of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza: the role of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif

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