Infection Prevention Strategies for Otorhinolaryngology and Head-and-Neck Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has significantly impacted global healthcare systems, necessitating stringent infection control measures to safeguard patients and healthcare workers. Otorhinolaryngology and head-and-neck surgery, due to their close proximity to the respiratory tract and frequent aerosol-generating procedures, face elevated risks of COVID-19 transmission. Understanding infection control measures in these specialties is paramount to optimize safety protocols and mitigate transmission risks. Aim: The review aims to examine infection control measures in otorhinolaryngology and head-and-neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing specific risks, effectiveness of safety measures, adaptations to evolving knowledge, implementation challenges, and future directions for research and policy. Review Summary: A systematic literature search was conducted from December 2019 to present, focusing on infection control practices in these specialties during the pandemic. Studies addressing infection control measures, risks, and adaptations in otorhinolaryngology and head-and-neck surgery were included. Key findings were synthesized qualitatively, emphasizing trends, common themes, and discrepancies in data. Future Implications: Insights from the review provide actionable guidance for optimizing infection control measures in otorhinolaryngology and head-and-neck surgery, enhancing safety for patients and healthcare providers during current and future pandemics. Areas for future research include ongoing surveillance, adaptation of protocols, and development of innovative safety strategies. Clinical Policy and Development: Recommendations include comprehensive use of personal protective equipment, modifications to patient handling and surgical procedures, telemedicine integration, and adherence to strict infection control protocols. These measures aim to minimize COVID-19 transmission risks while maintaining essential healthcare services. Keywords: COVID-19, Otorhinolaryngology, Head-And-Neck Surgery, Infection Control, Aerosol-Generating Procedures