Infection patterns, clinical significance, and genetic characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Jiangsu, China

Wang, Rui; Li, Na; Jiang, Wen; Guo, Yaqiong; Wang, Xiaolan; Jin, Yue; Feng, Yaoyu; Xiao, Lihua

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06426-3

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Results of the present study showed that co-infection with E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis was not statistically significant (P = 0.056; Table 3); however, it was 3.36-fold more likely to cause diarrhea (95% CI: 0.91-12.43) compared with a single infection with E. bieneusi in calves. Our result was inconsistent with that reported in China; co-infection with E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis was significantly associated with diarrhea [32]. In this study, the number of positive samples co-infected with two pathogens was small; thus, these results failed to demonstrate an association between diarrhea and co-infection in pre-weaned calves.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Although E. bieneusi was detected in diarrheic feces, it is unlikely that E. bieneusi is associated with diarrhea in pre-weaned calves (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.88, P = 0.016; Table 3). However, a previous study performed in China revealed that E. bieneusi infection increased 2.5fold in pre-weaned calves with diarrhea (95% CI: 1.7-3.8, P ≤ 0.0001) compared with those without diarrhea, and most of all, E. bieneusi infection was associated with diarrhea [32]. The difference between the two groups could be explained by the number of samples and the age of the calf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves

et al. 2020

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Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian species infecting humans and various animals worldwide. To date, there has been limited information on the prevalence of infection and genotypes of E. bieneusi in cattle in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi circulating in pre-weaned Korean native calves and determined the age pattern of E. bieneusi infection and the relationship between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea. Methods: The prevalence of E. bieneusi infection in pre-weaned Korean native calves was screened by polymerase chain reaction. PCR-positive products were sequenced to determine the genotype of E. bieneusi. A Chi-square analysis was used to compare the association between diarrhea and the infection rate of E. bieneusi in each age range or for all ages. Results: PCR and sequencing analysis revealed an overall prevalence (16.9%, 53/314) of E. bieneusi in pre-weaned calves. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was highest in September (36.2%), followed by March (28.3%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection was associated with diarrhea in calves (χ 2 = 5.82, P = 0.016). Our results also indicated that E. bieneusi infection was significantly associated with calf age (χ 2 = 11.61, P = 0.003), and the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was significantly higher in calves aged 21-40 days-old (odds ratio: 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.54-5.45; P = 0.001) than in those aged 1-20 days-old. Interestingly, the association between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea was observed only in calves aged 1-20 days-old (χ 2 = 5.82, P = 0.010). We identified three known genotypes, BEB4 (n = 12), BEB8 (n = 21) and J (n = 16), and three novel genotypes, BEB8-like (n = 21), KCALF1 (n = 1) and KCALF2 (n = 1). The genotype BEB8 was the most prevalent among all age groups. All genotypes identified in this study exhibited zoonotic potential. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the genotype BEB4 in pre-weaned Korean native calves. Zoonotic E. bieneusi infection was prevalent in pre-weaned calves, indicating that cattle may play an important role as a reservoir host for E. bieneusi transmission to humans.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves

et al. 2020

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“…The infection rate was lower than those in Shanghai (12.5%, 55/440) [7], Henan (13.0%, 276/2116) [28,29], Anhui (14.9%, 52/350) [7], Heilongjiang (15.0%, 99/658) [20,40], and Jiangsu (20.7%, 251/1215) [7]. In our research, the infection rate of G. duodenalis was 1.0%, which was consistent with the infection rates reported in NXHAR [17], and was lower than those reported in dairy cattle in Hebei and Tianjin (4.7%, 49/1040) [16], Heilongjiang (5.2%, 42/814) [21], and Jiangsu (20.6%, 281/1366) [33]. These data further confirmed that the infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Gansu, northwest China

et al. 2020

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are common gastrointestinal parasites with a broad range of hosts, including humans, livestock, and wildlife. To examine the infection status and assess the zoonotic potential of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in Gansu, China, a total of 1414 fecal samples were collected from the rectum, with one sample collected from each individual animal. All the samples were tested using nested PCR based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis. The overall infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were 4.2% (n = 59) and 1.0% (n = 14), respectively. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. andersoni (n = 42), C. parvum (n = 12), C. bovis (n = 5), and C. ryanae (n = 1). In further analyses of subtypes of C. parvum isolates based on the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene, five were successfully subtyped as IIdA19G1 (n = 4) and IIdA15G1 (n = 1). All 14 G. duodenalis isolates were identified as assemblage E using the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. The relatively low positive rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis detected here and the predominance of non-human pathogenic species/assemblages of these parasites indicated their unique transmission dynamics in this area and the low level of threat posed to public health. However, continuous monitoring and further studies of these parasites should be conducted for the prevention and control of these pathogens.

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“…Results of the present study showed that co-infection with E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis was not statistically signi cant (P = 0.056); however, it was 3.36-fold more likely to cause diarrhea (95% CI: 0.91-12.43) compared with E. bieneusi single infection in calves. Our result was inconsistent with that reported in China; co-infection with E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis was signi cantly associated with diarrhea [31]. In this study, the number of positive samples co-infected with two pathogens was small; thus, these results failed to demonstrate an association between diarrhea and co-infection in pre-weaned calves.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Although E. bieneusi was detected in diarrheic feces, it is unlikely that E. bieneusi is associated with diarrhea in pre-weaned calves (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.29-0.88; P = 0.016). However, a previous study performed in China revealed that E. bieneusi infection was increased 2.5-fold in pre-weaned calves with diarrhea (95% CI: 1.7-3.8; P = 0.000) compared with those without diarrhea and most of all, E. bieneusi infection was associated with diarrhea [31]. The difference between the two groups could be explained by the number of samples and the age of the calf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves

Hwang

Shin

Kim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian species that can infect humans and various animals worldwide. To date, there has been limited information on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi infection in cattle in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi circulating in pre-weaned Korean native calves and determined the age pattern of E. bieneusi infection and the relationship between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea. Methods: The prevalence of E. bieneusi infection in pre-weaned Korean native calves was screened by polymerase chain reaction. PCR-positive products were sequenced to determine the genotype of E. bieneusi . A Chi-square analysis was used to compare the association between diarrhea and the infection rate of E. bieneusi in each age ranges or all ages. Results: PCR and sequencing analysis revealed an overall prevalence of E. bieneusi of 16.9% (53/314) in pre-weaned calves. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was highest in September (36.2%), followed by March (28.3%). E. bieneusi infection (χ 2 = 5.82, P = 0.016) was associated with diarrhea in calves. Our results also indicated that E. bieneusi infection was statistically associated with calf age (χ 2 = 11.61, P = 0.003), and the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was significantly higher in calves aged 21-40 days (odds ratio = 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.54-5.45; P = 0.001) than in those aged 1-20 days. Interestingly, the association between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea was observed only in calves aged 1-20 days (χ 2 = 5.82, P = 0.010). Furthermore, our results indicated that E. bieneusi infection in pre-weaned calves may be associated with mild diarrhea rather than severe diarrhea. We identified three known genotypes, BEB4 (n = 12), BEB8 (n = 21), and J (n = 16), and three novel genotypes, BEB8-like (n = 21), KCALF1 (n = 1), and KCALF2 (n = 1); all of which belonged to Group 2. The genotype BEB8 was the most prevalent among all age groups, irrespective of diarrhea. All genotypes identified in this study exhibited zoonotic potential. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of the genotype BEB4 in pre-weaned Korean native calves. Zoonotic E. bieneusi infection was prevalent in pre-weaned Korean native calves, indicating that cattle may play an important role as a reservoir host for E. bieneusi transmission to humans.

show abstract

Infection patterns, clinical significance, and genetic characteristics of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Jiangsu, China

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves

Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Gansu, northwest China

Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves

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