Infection of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Echinococcus multilocularis during the years 2001–2004 in Poland

Malczewski, A; Gawor, Jakub; Malczewska, M.

doi:10.1007/s00436-008-0990-8

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) can be the final hosts of such dangerous zoonotic parasites as Echinococcus multilocularis or Toxocara spp. Most available data concerning red fox parasites focus only on E multilocularis (4,5,11,12,16,17,23) while some also concern other parasites (2,6,22). The recent study in Podlasie Province, the location of the Augustów Primeval Forest, has shown a relatively high prevalence of this parasite in red foxes (34%) (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal helminths of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland)

Karamon

Samorek-Pieróg

Moskwa

et al. 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland), with particular regard to zoonotic parasites. Material and Methods: Intestines from 53 raccoon dogs and 66 red foxes were examined with the use of sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). Samples of faeces from 51 red foxes and 50 raccoon dogs were examined with the use of flotation method. Results: Parasitic helminths were found by SCT in 98.5% of red foxes and 96.2% of raccoon dogs. Both species were infected with: Alaria alata (93.9% and 94.3%, respectively), hookworms (68.2% and 83.0%), Apophallus spp. (7.6% and 15.1%), Mesocestoides spp. (57.6% and 24.5%), Taenia spp. (40.9% and 1.9%), and Toxocara/Toxascaris nematodes (33.3% 15.1%). Echinococcus multilocularis was detected only in red foxes (6.1%), but trematodes Echinostomatidae and nematodes Molineus spp. only in raccoon dogs (18.9% and 41.5%, respectively). Additionally, Capillaria spp. eggs were detected by flotation method in 78.4% of foxes and 20.0% of raccoon dogs. Conclusion: The study showed a very high percentage of red foxes and raccoon dogs infected with intestinal helminths in the Augustów Primeval Forest. Moreover, dangerous zoonotic parasites also were found, which should be taken into consideration in the assessment of infection risk for humans in this region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal helminths of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland)

Karamon

Samorek-Pieróg

Moskwa

et al. 2016

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…6.5 (4.1-9.0) 2 (Jonas & Hahn, 1984;Jonas & Dräger, 1998) 33.8 (-) 1 (Jonas & Dräger, 1998) Saarland 25.6 (19.9-31.3) 2 (Ahlmann, 1996, Meine & Müller, 1996 No data Enge, 1996) No data Schleswig-Holstein 0.2 (0.0-0.4) 3 (Lucius et al, 1988;Nebel, 1996) 0.0 (-) 1 (Manke & Stoye, 1998) (Soldati et al, 1976;Rossi et al, 1983 ;Poglayen et al, 1985 ;Leoni et al, 1986;Iori et al, 1990 ;Guberti & Poglayen, 1991) 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 3 (Di Cerbo et al, 2008;Calderini et al, 2009;Magi et al, 2009) (Ahlmann, 1996;EFSA, 2006;EFSA, 2007;EFSA, 2013a; EFSA, 2015a) Netherlands 0.0 (-) 1 (Borgsteede, 1984) 9.4 (0.7-59.5) 3 (Takumi et al, 2008;Van der Giessen et al, 2004;Van der Giessen et al, 1998;Franssen et al, 2014;Maas et al, 2014) Poland 2.6 (-) 1 (Malczewski et al, 1999) (data until 1998) 15.1 (1.0-20.1) 8 (Borecka et al, 2008;Karamon et al, 2008;Karamon et al, 2011;Borecka et al, 2007;Malczewski et al, 2008;Borecka et al, 2009;Pacon et al, 2006;Karamon et al, 2014 (Ewald & Eckert, 1993;Alther, 1996) 48.5 (44.3-52.7) 2 (Hofer et al, 2000;…”

Section: Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

Butterworth¹

2015

EFS2

134

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms carnivore species can maintain the lifecycle in the absence of red fox, and this makes it to most relevant target species for surveillance. Movement of infected definitive hosts is an important introduction pathway. The knowledge on the geographical distribution of the environmental factors for the persistence of the lifecycle is scarce. In areas where no suitable autochthonous wild canid hosts and no highly suitable intermediate hosts are present, e.g. Malta, establishment of the EM cycle is considered close to impossible. Such countries do not need to carry out surveillance on domestic dogs to substantiate absence of EM in the relevant animal population. Reconsideration of some aspects of the current legislation regarding surveillance activities might be relevant; for example the identification of epidemiologically relevant units should be independent from political borders. Studies to improve the knowledge on epidemiological risk factors should be encouraged to enable risk-based sampling. Echinococcus notification should always be done at species level in order to discriminate between the more severe alveolar echinococcosis and the cystic echinococcosis. Praziquantel is the substance of choice for the treatment of dogs. However, the treatment window should be reconsidered to reduce the risk of re-infection: a general rule is to treat as close as possible to entry into a non-infected country. There is a lack of standardization of the diagnostic methods between laboratories. The diagnostic sensitivity of the tests should be established in accordance to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) standards for validation. For the time being, the diagnostic sensitivity can be set conservatively to 78%. SCIENTIFIC OPINION © European Food Safety Authority, 2015Keywords: Echinococcus multilocularis, echinococcosis, hosts, risk factors, diagnosis, surveillance, Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. E. multilocularis infections in animalswww.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 3 EFSA Journal 2015;13(15):4373 SummaryHuman alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. It is amongst one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Naturally the parasite transmits between foxes or dogs and small mammals whilst humans are aberrant intermediate hosts.In rodents, the larval mass proliferates rapidly by exogenous budding of germinative tissue and produces an alveolar-like pattern of microvesicles filled with protoscolices. In humans, the larval mass resembles a malignancy in appearance and behavior, because it proliferates indefinitely by exogenous budding and invades the surrounding tissues (Moro et al., 2008). Transmission of A...

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“…Ukraine (Kharchenko et al, 2008), Slovakia (Miterpáková et al, 2006), Poland (Malczewski et al, 2008), the Netherlands (Giessen et al, 1999;Borgsteede et al, 2003 ), Germany (Friedland et al, 1985), France (Houin et al, 1982), Switzerland (Hofer et al, 2000;Stieger et al, 2002), Belarus (Merkusheva & Bobkova, 1981;Shimalov & Shimalov, 2003), Russia (Key..., 1978), Estonia (Moks et al, 2005). Whether the range of E. multilocularis, as recognized today, is the result of an expansion or more intensive investigations is not known because of the lack of historical data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

New data on the helminths of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) in Lithuania

Mažeika¹,

Kontenytė²,

Paulauskas³

2009

Estonian J. Ecol.

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Thirty-four muskrats, hunted in 2006-2007 on Rusnė Island, Lithuania, were examined for helminths. Eight helminth species were found: five trematodes (Echinostoma sp., Plagiorchis elegans, Skrjabinoplagiorchis ondatrae, Psilotrema spiculigerum, Psilotrema simillimum) and three cestodes (Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Tetratirotaenia polyacantha, Echinococcus multilocularis). All the species found are widely spread or are indigenous to Europe. The helminth fauna in the muskrat consisted of helminths hosted by a wide range of waterfowl and mammals. This was only the second time the cestode E. multilocularis, the causative agent of the serious zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis, was found in the muskrat in Lithuania.

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Infection of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Echinococcus multilocularis during the years 2001–2004 in Poland

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Intestinal helminths of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland)

Intestinal helminths of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Augustów Primeval Forest (north-eastern Poland)

Echinococcus multilocularis infection in animals

New data on the helminths of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) in Lithuania

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