Infection of female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) with trichomonas vaginalis as a model of trichomoniasis in women.

Street, D A; Taylor‐Robinson, David; Hetherington, C. M.

doi:10.1136/sti.59.4.249

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…19,20,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Coombs and others reported that some estrogenized mice were capable of sustaining vaginal T. vaginalis infections for as long as 92 days, but not all mice nor most T. vaginalis isolates were as successful. 19 The inability to produce frequent persisting infections in estrogenized, lactobacillus pre-treated mice could be related to the T. vaginalis isolate that was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

Lushbaugh¹,

Blossom²,

Shah³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. D2A21, a novel peptide antibiotic has in vitro activity against a wide spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). In this study we tested the hypothesis that intravaginal D2A21 would interfere with acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in a modified mouse model. T. vaginalis infections of estrogenized young mice pretreated with Lactobacillus vaginalis or Lactobacillus rhamnosus were more frequent and persistent than those in mice pre-treated with Lactobacillus gasseri or Lactobacillus acidophilus. One hundred percent T. vaginalis infection was achieved for 2-4 days post-challenge when intravaginal L. rhamnosus pre-treatments were given to estrogenized mice 48 hr prior to a single T. vaginalis challenge. Estrogenized mice pre-treated with L. rhamnosus were pre-medicated with intravaginal placebo gel, 0.5% or 2% D2A21 gel, or 500 g/mL metronidazole gel prior to T. vaginalis challenge. Both 2% D2A21 and metronidazole gels were significantly more efficacious (10% or none infected) than placebo gel (53% infected) in preventing vaginal T. vaginalis infections in mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

Lushbaugh¹,

Blossom²,

Shah³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The paucity of Lactobacillus correlates with significantly lower glycogen and lactic acid levels in NHPs compared to women with healthy vaginal microbiota (Mirmonsef et al, 2012; Table 3). Data from vervets, baboons, and mangabeys (Street et al, 1983;Johnson et al, 1984) as well as rabbits, mice and rats (Linhares et al, 2011) also indicate that the vaginal environment of these species is characterized by a higher, near neutral pH. Consequently, the low Lactobacillus loads, low lactic acid and high pH characteristic of NHPs resemble human vaginal dysbiosis (microbial imbalances), BV, or postmenopausal changes (e.g., Sneathia, Anaerococcus, Prevotella, Gardnerella, Gemella, Facklamia, Peptoniphilus) (Spear et al, 2010;Hummelen et al, 2011;Yildirim et al, 2011).…”

Section: Human Uniquenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The primate vaginal microbiome: Comparative context and implications for human health and disease

Stumpf

Wilson

Rivera

et al. 2013

American J Phys Anthropol

116

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The primate body hosts trillions of microbes. Interactions between primate hosts and these microbes profoundly affect primate physiology, reproduction, health, survival, and ultimately, evolution. It is increasingly clear that primate health cannot be understood fully without knowledge of host-microbial interactions. Our goals here are to review what is known about microbiomes of the female reproductive tract and to explore several factors that influence variation within individuals, as well as within and between primate species. Much of our knowledge of microbial variation derives from studies of humans, and from microbes located in nonreproductive regions (e.g., the gut). We review work suggesting that the vaginal microbiota affects female health, fecundity, and pregnancy outcomes, demonstrating the selective potential for these agents. We explore the factors that correlate with microbial variation within species. Initial colonization by microbes depends on the manner of birth; most microbial variation is structured by estrogen levels that change with age (i.e., at puberty and menopause) and through the menstrual cycle. Microbial communities vary by location within the vagina and can depend on the sampling methods used (e.g., swab, lavage, or pap smear). Interindividual differences also exist, and while this variation is not completely understood, evidence points more to differences in estrogen levels, rather than differences in external physical environment. When comparing across species, reproductive-age humans show distinct microbial communities, generally dominated by Lactobacillus, unlike other primates. We develop evolutionary hypotheses to explain the marked differences in microbial communities. While much remains to be done to test these hypotheses, we argue that the ample variation in primate mating and reproductive behavior offers excellent opportunities to evaluate host-microbe coevolution and adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:119-134,

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“…The same degree ofhaemolysis was present inffiltersterilised glucose-saline in which the organism was incubated (1 h/37°C) before erythrocytes were added and incubated under the same conditions as in the mixture with the organism. The degree of haemolysis in filtrates was dependent on retention of low pH (below 5.0) of the suspending fluid in which the organism alone was incubated. Dilution of filtrates in PBS, as opposed to normal saline, abolished or diminished the haemolytic effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact-independent cytotoxicity of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Pindak

Pindak²,

Gardner³

1993

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Infection of female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) with trichomonas vaginalis as a model of trichomoniasis in women.

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

Use of intravaginal microbicides to prevent acquisition of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Lactobacillus-pretreated, estrogenized young mice.

The primate vaginal microbiome: Comparative context and implications for human health and disease

Contact-independent cytotoxicity of Trichomonas vaginalis.

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