Infection of chicks with infectious bursal disease and its effect on the carrier state with Newcastle disease virus

Pattison, M.; Allan, WH

doi:10.1136/vr.95.3.65

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Our results indicate that these cases were also infected with IBDV. Immunosuppression due to IBDV infection in chickens has been described adequately (Allan et al, 1972;Faragher et al, 1974;Pattison & Allan, 1974;Meulemans et al, 1977;Pope, 1991;Saif, 1991). Generally, destruction of bursal follicles due to a virulent IBDV strain results in suppression of the humoral immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, the immune status is particularly important and co-infection with certain agents can induce various degrees of immunosuppression (Pope, 1991). Infection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at an early age significantly compromises the humoral and local immune responses of chickens resulting in failure of ND vaccines to protect (Allan et al, 1972;Faragher et al, 1974;Pattison & Allan, 1974). Immunosuppression is commonly associated with virulent strains of IBDV (Sharma et al, 1989;Craft et al, 1990;Mazariegos et al, 1990;Higashihara et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain lesions in young broiler chickens naturally infected with a mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYThirty-nine 4-to 5-week-old broiler chickens from an outbreak of Newcastle disease (ND) in Japan were examined pathologically. The causative agent was identified as a mesogenic strain of ND virus. Predominant gross lesions included haemorrhage in the lungs, congestion of the trachea, splenomegaly, atrophy of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, and whitish discolouration of the brain. Microscopically, there was mild haemorrhagic pneumonia, catarrhal tracheitis, lymphoid necrosis in the spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and caecum and diffuse non-suppurative encephalitis. Lesions associated with encephalitis were characterized by multifocal perivascular cuffing, malacia, demyelination and proliferative vasculitis. Malacic lesions occurred in the hyperstriatum, neostriatum, subleptomeningeal and periventricular regions of the cerebrum, whereas demyelination was seen mainly in the brain stem. The morphological changes that occurred in the brain in these cases were distinctive and the lesions in the lymphoid tissues were related to concurrent infection with infectious bursal disease virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain lesions in young broiler chickens naturally infected with a mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus

et al. 1994

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“…IBD interacts with Newcastle disease by increasing the severity of Newcastle disease outbreaks (188), interfering with the antibody response to immunization (8,65,78,192,219), reducing the resistance to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) challenge (223), and prolonging the duration of NDV shedding during infection (114).…”

Section: Diseases Suppressing Acquired Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Aspects of Immunosuppression in Poultry

2010

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Chickens, turkeys, and other poultry in a production environment can be exposed to stressors and infectious diseases that impair innate and acquired immunity, erode general health and welfare, and diminish genetic and nutritional potential for efficient production. Innate immunity can be affected by stressful physiologic events related to hatching and to environmental factors during the first week of life. Exposure to environmental ammonia, foodborne mycotoxins, and suboptimal nutrition can diminish innate immunity. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), chicken infectious anemia (CIA), and Marek's disease (MD) are major infectious diseases that increase susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases and interfere with acquired vaccinal immunity. A shared feature is lymphocytolytic infection capable of suppressing both humoral and cell-mediated immune functions. Enteric viral infections can be accompanied by atrophic and depleted lymphoid organs, but the immunosuppressive features are modestly characterized. Some reoviruses cause atrophy of lymphoid organs and replicate in blood monocytes. Enteric parvoviruses of chickens and turkeys merit further study for immunosuppression. Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys has immunosuppressive features similar to IBD. Other virulent fowl adenoviruses have immunosuppressive capabilities. Newcastle disease can damage lymphoid tissues and macrophages. Avian pneumovirus infections impair the mucociliary functions of the upper respiratory tract and augment deeper bacterial infections. Recognition of immunosuppression involves detection of specific diseases using diagnostic tests such as serology, etiologic agent detection, and pathology. Broader measurements of immunosuppression by combined noninfectious and infectious causes have not found general application. Microarray technology to detect genetic expression of immunologic mediators and receptors offers potential advances but is currently at the developmental state. Control methods for immunosuppressive diseases rely largely on minimizing stress, reducing exposure to infectious agents through biosecurity, and increasing host resistance to infectious immunosuppressive diseases by vaccination. A longer-term approach involves genetic selection for resistance to immunosuppressive diseases, which has shown promising results for MD but equivocal results for IBD and CIA.

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“…It severely affected the antibody response to Newcastle disease virus and slightly, though inconsistently, reduced the level of IgG in the plasma. The IBA infection also resulted in reduced immunity to Newcastle disease and a prolonged carrier state (Pattison and Allan, 1974). It did not have this prolonged effect when administered at 2 or 8 weeks of age, for in the experiments reported here, IBAtreated birds produced as much antibody as untreated controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%