Infection of Artemia salina by Haliphthoros milfordensis: A scanning and transmission electron microscope study

Overton, S. V.; Bland, Charles E.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(81)90083-5

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although the pathogenicity of the isolate NJM 0131 to Penaeus monodon was not examined in this study, H. milfordensis might be a pathogen of P. monodon larvae, because the infection in larvae of P. monodon has sometimes been observed at the hatchery. The species was also known to be a pathogen of larvae of the mangrove crab Scylla serrata (Roza and Hatai 1999), Artemia salina (Overton and Bland 1981), juvenile American lobsters Homarus americanus (Fisher et al 1975), and larvae of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus (Nakamura and Hatai 1995). This is the first report of Haliphthoros milfordensis in Vietnam, and the species is probably distributed widely in countries of Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Haliphthoros milfordensis isolated from black tiger prawn larvae (Penaeus monodon) in Vietnam

et al. 2003

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A marine fungus was isolated from the black tiger prawn Penaeus monodon at Nha Trang, Vietnam, on March 20, 2001 and named isolate NJM 0131. The fungus was identified as Haliphthoros milfordensis from the characteristics of asexual reproduction, and its physiological characteristics were investigated. Although the optimum temperature for growth of the isolate was 25°-30°C, the fungus grew at a wide range of temperatures (15°-40°C). H. milfordensis grew well in 50%-100% seawater, but poorly in PYG agar containing 1.0%-5.0% NaCl and KCl. The fungus grew at a wide range of pH (4.0-11.0) with the optimum pH value of 7.0-9.0. The isolate also showed pathogenicity to swimming crab larvae (Portunus trituberculatus) by artificial infection, but mortality was not high. This is the first report of disease in the black tiger prawn P. monodon in Vietnam caused by H. milfordensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Haliphthoros milfordensis isolated from black tiger prawn larvae (Penaeus monodon) in Vietnam

et al. 2003

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“…Several pathogens for Artemia have been described so far (2,10,13,14,16). Overton and Bland (13) described extensively the infection process of Artemia by the fungus Haliphthoros milfordensis, from the attachment to the exoskeleton to the utilization of the host tissues, with final invasion of the gut by the fungus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Bacterial Strains Protect Artemia spp. from the Pathogenic Effects of Vibrio proteolyticus CW8T2

Verschuere

Heang

Criel³

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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In this study Vibrio proteolyticus CW8T2 has been identified as a virulent pathogen for Artemia spp. Its infection route has been visualized with transmission electron microscopy. The pathogen affected microvilli and gut epithelial cells, disrupted epithelial cell junctions, and reached the body cavity, where it devastated cells and tissues. In vivo antagonism tests showed that preemptive colonization of the culture water with nine selected bacterial strains protected Artemia juveniles against the pathogenic effects. Two categories of the selected strains could be distinguished: (i) strains providing total protection, as no mortality occurred 2 days after the experimental infection with V. proteolyticus CW8T2, with strain LVS8 as a representative, and (ii) strains providing partial protection, as significant but not total mortality was observed, with strain LVS2 as a representative. The growth of V. proteolyticus CW8T2 in the culture medium was slowed down in the presence of strains LVS2 and LVS8, but growth suppression was distinctly higher with LVS8 than with LVS2. It was striking that the strains that gave only partial protection against the pathogen in the in vivo antagonism test showed also a restricted capability to colonize the Artemia compared to the strains providing total protection. The in vivo antagonism tests and the filtrate experiments showed that probably no extracellular bacterial compounds were involved in the protective action but that the living cells were required to protect Artemia against V. proteolyticus CW8T2.

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“…In view of the economic importance of Artemia, some attention was paid to the study of potential pathogens and contaminants that may decrease cyst production and increase the mortality of adults after hatching. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a known Artemia pathogen (Puente et al, 1992) and there are reports of Artemia infection by pathogenic spirochetes (Tyson, 1974) and by eukaryotic microorganisms such as fungi (Overton & Bland, 1981) and microsporidia (Martinez et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria associated with Artemia spp. along the salinity gradient of the solar salterns at Eilat (Israel)

Tkavc

Ausec

Oren

et al. 2011

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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The crustacean genus Artemia naturally inhabits various saline and hypersaline environments and is the most frequently laboratory-hatched animal for live feed in mari- and aquaculture. Because of its high economic importance, Artemia-bacteria interactions were so far studied mostly in laboratory strains. In this study, we focused our attention on the Artemia-associated microbiota in its natural environment in the solar salterns of Eilat, Israel. We applied a culture-independent method (clone libraries) to investigate the bacterial community structure associated with Artemia in five evaporation ponds with salinities from slightly above seawater (5%) to the point of saturation (32%), in two different developmental stages: in nauplii and in the intestine of adult animals. Bacteria found in naupliar and adult stages were classified within the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The halophilic proteobacterial genera Halomonas spp. and Salinivibrio spp. dominated the Artemia microbiota in both stages in all ponds. We also analysed a clone library of entire adult animals, revealing a novel bacterial phylogenetic lineage. This is the first molecular study of bacteria associated with two developmental stages of Artemia along a salinity gradient.

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Infection of Artemia salina by Haliphthoros milfordensis: A scanning and transmission electron microscope study

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Haliphthoros milfordensis isolated from black tiger prawn larvae (Penaeus monodon) in Vietnam

Haliphthoros milfordensis isolated from black tiger prawn larvae (Penaeus monodon) in Vietnam

Selected Bacterial Strains Protect Artemia spp. from the Pathogenic Effects of Vibrio proteolyticus CW8T2

Bacteria associated with Artemia spp. along the salinity gradient of the solar salterns at Eilat (Israel)

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