Infection: Myocarditis

Diphteric Myocarditis: A Case Report on Ecg and Cardiac Imaging Findings with the Levels of Cardiac Enzymes in a 17-Year-Old

“…Despite global efforts to control diphtheria through vaccination, areas with low immunization rates continue to experience sporadic outbreaks, leading to severe complications such as myocarditis. This case highlights the rapid and progressive nature of diphtheritic myocarditis, which, if not promptly diagnosed and treated, can result in significant morbidity and mortality (12)(13)(14). The patient's initial presentation with symptoms of chest pain, dyspnea, and orthopnea, alongside elevated troponin levels and characteristic ECG changes, is consistent with previous reports of diphtheritic myocarditis (3,(15)(16)(17).…”

“…Despite the successful management of this case, the challenges in diagnosing and treating diphtheritic myocarditis underscore the need for heightened clinical vigilance and timely intervention. The variability in clinical presentation and rapid progression of the disease necessitate a comprehensive diagnostic approach, incorporating ECG, echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and serial biomarker assessments (10,12). Furthermore, this case highlights the critical importance of public health initiatives to improve vaccination coverage, thereby preventing the occurrence of diphtheria and its associated complications.…”

“…The patient presented with a constellation of symptoms including chest pain, nausea, vomiting, and dyspnea, which rapidly progressed to severe cardiac dysfunction. Initial assessments revealed significant elevations in troponin levels and characteristic ECG changes (10)(11)(12). Transthoracic echocardiography showed a marked decline in LVEF, while cardiac MRI confirmed the presence of myocardial edema and delayed enhancement.…”

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy

“…Churg-Strauss syndrome is also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Adapted from [2] CMR is basically recommended [4] to confirm diagnosis in clinically suspected acute myocarditis (onset of symptoms < 30 days, mostly infarct-like presentation) or [5] to evaluate the presence of chronic myocarditis or chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy (I-CMP) in patients with persistent cardiac symptoms (onset of symptoms > 30 days, persistent troponinaemia, mostly presentation with heartfailure-like symptoms or unexplained arrhythmias) [4,5].…”

“…Advanced cardiac imaging techniques such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) are widely used in clinical practice in patients with acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathies (I-CMP). I-CMPs are characterised cardiomyopathy and its sequelae [2]. The reason why some patients with myocardial inflammation recover without residual myocardial injury whereas others develop dilated cardiomyopathy remains unclear.…”