Infection Kinetics and Phylogenetic Analysis of vB_EcoD_SU57, a Virulent T1-Like Drexlerviridae Coliphage

Koonjan, Shazeeda; Seijsing, Fredrik; Cooper, Callum; Nilsson, Anders S.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.565556

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, so far, only a limited number of studies have explored the gut virome of wild giant pandas. In this study, we investigated the gut virome from seven wild giant pandas; overall, viruses that may infect bacteriophages, vertebrates, plants, and insects have been detected ( Supplementary Table S1 ), and the number of bacteriophages accounted for the majority of the total number of viruses, with families Drexlerviridae and Siphoviridae (infected with Shigella species or E. coli ) ( 31 , 32 ), overwhelmingly accounting for ~51.29 and 17.93%, respectively. However, this is different from the results reported by the previous study that families Myoviridae (46.22%), Siphoviridae (23.98%), and Podoviridae (8.78%) were dominant in the feces of adult giant pandas ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virome in Fecal Samples From Wild Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)

Ning

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered mammals in the world; anthropogenic habitat loss and poaching still threaten the survival of wild pandas. Viral infection has become one of the potential threats to the health of these animals, but the available information related to these infections is still limited. In order to detect possible vertebrate viruses, the virome in the fecal samples of seven wild giant pandas from Qinling Mountains was investigated by using the method of viral metagenomics. From the fecal virome of wild giant pandas, we determined six nearly complete genomes belonging to the order Picornavirales, two of which may be qualified as a novel virus family or genus. In addition, four complete genomes belonging to the Genomoviridae family were also fully characterized. This virological investigation has increased our understanding of the gut viral community in giant pandas. Whether these viruses detected in fecal samples can really infect giant panda needs further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virome in Fecal Samples From Wild Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)

Ning

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In this study, Tequintavirus phages (associated with bacterial growth) and Tequatrovirus phages (associated with bacterial killing) would be great candidates for comparisons. Accordingly, the inclusion of phage characteristics, such as the phage receptor, adsorption rate, latency period, burst size, and virion size, may provide further explanation of the phage-host dynamics and may help predict the phage therapy efficacy [44][45][46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of In Vitro Phage–Host Population Growth Dynamics

Sørensen

Duchateau

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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The therapeutic use of bacteriophages (phage therapy) represents a promising alternative to antibiotics to control bacterial pathogens. However, the understanding of the phage–bacterium interactions and population dynamics seems essential for successful phage therapy implementation. Here, we investigated the effect of three factors: phage species (18 lytic E. coli-infecting phages); bacterial strain (10 APEC strains); and multiplicity of infection (MOI) (MOI 10, 1, and 0.1) on the bacterial growth dynamics. All factors had a significant effect, but the phage appeared to be the most important. The results showed seven distinct growth patterns. The first pattern corresponded to the normal bacterial growth pattern in the absence of a phage. The second pattern was complete bacterial killing. The remaining patterns were in-between, characterised by delayed growth and/or variable killing of the bacterial cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the phage–host dynamics is an important factor in the capacity of a phage to eliminate bacteria. The classified patterns show that this is an essential factor to consider when developing a phage therapy. This methodology can be used to rapidly screen for novel phage candidates for phage therapy. Accordingly, the most promising candidates were phages found in Group 2, characterised by growth dynamics with high bacterial killing.

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“…The latency period, burst size, and adsorption rate constant for SU7 were determined using the modified one-step growth curve protocol used by Koonjan et al (2020) [ 19 ]. In brief, 50 mL of LB was inoculated with 50 µL of ETEC7 and incubated at 37 °C with shaking until the bacteria reached the mid-log phase (OD 600 0.6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of vB_EcoP_SU7, a Podoviridae Coliphage with the Rare C3 Morphotype

2021

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are an important cause of bacterial diarrheal illness in humans and animals. Infections arising from ETEC could potentially be treated through the use of bacteriophage (phage) therapy, as phages encode for enzymes capable of bacterial cell lysis. vB_EcoP_SU7 was isolated from the Käppala wastewater treatment plant in Stockholm, Sweden, and propagated on an ETEC strain exhibiting the O:139 serovar. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that vB_EcoP_SU7 belongs to the Podoviridae family and has the rare C3 morphotype of an elongated head. Bioinformatic analyses showed that the genome was 76,626 base pairs long and contained 35 genes with predicted functions. A total of 81 open reading frames encoding proteins with hypothetical function and two encoding proteins of no significant similarity were also found. A putative tRNA gene, which may aid in vB_EcoP_SU7’s translation, was also identified. Phylogenetic analyses showed that compared to other Podoviridae, vB_EcoP_SU7 is a rare Kuravirus and is closely related to E. coli phages with the uncommon C3 morphotype, such as ECBP2, EK010, vB_EcoP_EcoN5, and vB_EcoP_SU10. Phage vB_EcoP_SU7 has a narrow host range, infecting 11 out of the 137 E. coli strains tested, a latency period of 30 min, a burst size of 12 PFU/cell, and an adsorption rate of 8.78 × 10−9 mL/min five minutes post infection. With a limited host range and poor infection kinetics, it is unlikely that SU7 can be a standalone phage used for therapeutic purposes; rather, it must be used in combination with other phages for broad-spectrum therapeutic success.

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Infection Kinetics and Phylogenetic Analysis of vB_EcoD_SU57, a Virulent T1-Like Drexlerviridae Coliphage

Cited by 13 publications

References 59 publications

Virome in Fecal Samples From Wild Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)

Virome in Fecal Samples From Wild Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)

Classification of In Vitro Phage–Host Population Growth Dynamics

Complete Genome Sequence of vB_EcoP_SU7, a Podoviridae Coliphage with the Rare C3 Morphotype

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