Infection induces a survival program and local remodeling in the airway epithelium of the fly

Wagner, Christina; Isermann, Kerstin; Roeder, Thomas

doi:10.1096/fj.08-114223

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…We performed our studies on three commonly used D. melanogaster strains: Oregon-R, Canton-S, and w 1118 (Bloomington Stock Center, Bloomington, IN) that were kept at 25°C in a benchtop incubator on standard Drosophila medium (6.25% cornmeal, 6.25% yeast, 2% glucose, 3% sugar beet molasses, and 1% agaragar, as well as 3% nipagin and 1% propionic acid as preservatives), as described earlier (15,16). To compare sampling strategies for the characterization of microbial communities in the Drosophila intestine, we isolated DNA from (i) whole flies, (ii) manually dissected intestines (from about 20 animals per sample; only from the midgut, excluding the hindgut and the Malpighian tubules, in order to reproducibly prepare the same intestinal region), and (iii) fecal samples obtained from small cohorts of flies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Analysis of Microbiome Dynamics in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Fink

Staubach

Kuenzel

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The diversity and structure of the intestinal microbial community has a strong influence on life history. To understand how hosts and microbes interact, model organisms with comparatively simple microbial communities, such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), offer key advantages. However, studies of the Drosophila microbiome are limited to a single point in time, because flies are typically sacrificed for DNA extraction. In order to test whether noninvasive approaches, such as sampling of fly feces, could be a means to assess fly-associated communities over time on the same cohort of flies, we compared the microbial communities of fly feces, dissected fly intestines, and whole flies across three different Drosophila strains. Bacterial species identified in either whole flies or isolated intestines were reproducibly found in feces samples. Although the bacterial communities of feces and intestinal samples were not identical, they shared similarities and obviously the same origin. In contrast to material from whole flies and intestines, feces samples were not compromised by Wolbachia spp. infections, which are widespread in laboratory and wild strains. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we showed that simple nutritional interventions, such as a high-fat diet or short-term starvation, had drastic and long-lasting effects on the micobiome. Thus, the analysis of feces can supplement the toolbox for microbiome studies in Drosophila, unleashing the full potential of such studies in time course experiments where multiple samples from single populations are obtained during aging, development, or experimental manipulations.T he microbial community of the metazoan intestine contributes substantially to the host's nutrition and energy balance (1). Dysregulation of the host-microbiota interaction is associated with various disease states, including chronic inflammation, obesity, or even cancer (2-4). As the complex interplay between host and microbiota is only fragmentarily understood, simple models, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, are of particular interest. The fly combines a relatively simple microbial community with an unchallenged armamentarium of methods allowing manipulation of the host (5-7). Recent deep-sequencing approaches using 454 sequencing confirmed the general finding that the bacterial community of lab-reared flies is dominated by slightly more than a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (8). In Drosophila, the microbiota has been shown to modulate different aspects of intestinal homeostasis, including stem cell activity and epithelial immunity (9-11). Moreover, the intestinal microbiota influences life span and growth rate (12)(13)(14).These aforementioned studies aiming to characterize the fly microbiome relied on isolation of bacterial material from whole flies or manually dissected intestines. Both approaches are invasive, and the flies must be sacrificed. Noninvasive approaches would offer the advantage that flies could be analyzed throughout their life span or before and after...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Analysis of Microbiome Dynamics in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Fink

Staubach

Kuenzel

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Inducible immune responses in the epithelial and mucosal surfaces, such as the Drosophila tracheal airway system and the digestive system, are important, because these surfaces are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and yeast (97,98). In the trachea, an infection triggers the Imd pathway-mediated reactivation of a set of tracheal development genes, a survival reaction that remodels the epithelial tissue damaged upon infection (99). Also, AMPs are induced, and their expression is antagonized via a signaling route involving a Toll family member Toll-8/Tollo (100).…”

Section: The Role Of Imd-pathway Activation In Systemic and Epitheliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila Imd Signaling Pathway

Myllymäki

Valanne

Rämet

2014

The Journal of Immunology

423

357

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The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has helped us to understand how innate immunity is activated. In addition to the Toll receptor and the Toll signaling pathway, the Drosophila immune response is regulated by another evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade, the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway, which activates NF-κB. In fact, the Imd pathway controls the expression of most of the antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila; thus, it is indispensable for normal immunity in flies. In this article, we review the current literature on the Drosophila Imd pathway, with special emphasis on its role in the (patho)physiology of different organs. We discuss the systemic response, as well as local responses, in the epithelial and mucosal surfaces and the nervous system.

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“…The significance of these can be seen from the parallel role of human FGF proteins in the healing of intestinal damage and initiation of angiogenesis [143]. Infection of the Drosophila airway epithelium can also stimulate the induction of tracheogenesis [144]. Activation of an immune response through the IMD pathway drives a remodeling mechanism by inducing a number of genes critical for tracheal development such as corkscrew, ventral veins lacking, and spalt major as well as coracle, walrus, and headcase.…”

Section: Tracheogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila and the Hallmarks of Cancer

Christofi

Apidianakis

2013

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

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: Cancer was the disease of the twentieth century. Today it is still a leading cause of death worldwide despite being intensively investigated. Abundant knowledge exists regarding the pathological and molecular mechanisms that drive healthy cells to become malignant and form metastatic tumors. The relation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors to the genetic trigger of carcinogenesis is unquestionable. However, the development of the disease requires many characteristics that due to their proven role in cancer are collectively described as the "hallmarks of cancer." We highlight here the historic discoveries made using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and its contributions to biomedical and cancer research. Flies are utilized as a model organism for the investigation of each and every aspect of cancer hallmarks. Due to the significant conservation between flies and mammals at the signaling and tissue physiology level it is possible to explore the genes and mechanisms responsible for cancer pathogenesis in flies. Recent Drosophila studies suggest novel aspects of therapeutic intervention and are expected to guide cancer research in the twenty-first century.

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Infection induces a survival program and local remodeling in the airway epithelium of the fly

Cited by 43 publications

References 53 publications

Noninvasive Analysis of Microbiome Dynamics in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Noninvasive Analysis of Microbiome Dynamics in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

The Drosophila Imd Signaling Pathway

Drosophila and the Hallmarks of Cancer

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