Infection, excretion and seroconversion dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected farms in Spain and Denmark

Grau‐Roma, Llorenç; Hjulsager, Charlotte Kristiane; Sibila, Marina; Kristensen, Charlotte Sonne; López-Soria, Sergio; Enøe, Claes; Casal, Jordi Domènech; Bøtner, Anette; Nofrarías, Miquel; Bille‐Hansen, Vivi; Fraile, Lorenzo; Bækbo, Poul; Segalés, Joaquím; Larsen, Lars Erik

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.10.007

Cited by 99 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, a recent study using the same technique proposed a cut-off value to differentiate PMWS affected from non-affected pigs of 10 6.21 PCV-2 copies/ml serum. 11 The qPCR used in the present study had a detection limit of 10 4 PCV-2 DNA copies/ml serum. 25 Real-time quantitative PCR thresholds Figure 1 shows the expected results and thresholds for a qPCR at the individual level, according to the thresholds published for the particular qPCR technique used 11,25 : negative (, 10 4 ), non-PMWS-affected (between 10 4 and 10 6.21 ), doubtful (between 10 6.21 and 10 7 ), and PMWSaffected (.…”

Section: Quantitative Pcrmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…13,15 Therefore, the potential diagnostic PCV-2 load threshold may be strongly dependent on the laboratory and on the particular technique used. Moreover, in the single study in which sensitivity and specificity of 2 different PCV-2 qPCR methods were explored to diagnose PMWS, 11 combinations of these two parameters gave poor results (high sensitivity with low specificity or vice versa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Estimate the Usefulness of Pooled Serum Samples for the Diagnosis of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Classical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) diagnosis is based on postmortem findings (histopathology plus viral detection in lymphoid tissues). Because one of the major differences between PMWS-affected and nonaffected pigs is Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) load in serum and tissues, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic technique for the disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of qPCR to quantify PCV-2 loads in pooled serum samples as an easy-to-use PMWS diagnostic tool at the herd level. The experimental design included two simulation studies with several serum pool sizes from pigs already screened for PMWS (by histopathology and detection of PCV-2 by qPCR). Several qPCR thresholds were defined and validated with experimental pools created in the laboratory. Quantitative PCR on pooled serum samples did not result in a sufficiently reliable alternate method to the classical PMWS diagnosis method based on individual clinical, histopathological, and PCV-2 detection criteria. However, serum pools seemed to be an alternative at a low economic cost for the quantification of PCV-2 loads in suspicious herds. A targeted (including only clinically diseased animals) sampling approach did not give better estimates compared with a random sampling approach.

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Section: Quantitative Pcrmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Estimate the Usefulness of Pooled Serum Samples for the Diagnosis of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

et al. 2011

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“…A variabilidade de perfis de anticorpos é assinalada quando comparadas as mesorregiões (Tabela 4 O estímulo do sistema imune influencia diretamente a ocorrência clínica da SMDS uma vez que CVS-2 está associado a aspectos imunossupressores que irão permitir a replicação persistente do vírus como também favorecer a infecção por outros agentes patogênicos indutores da SMDS no plantel (KRAKOWKA et al, 2001). Segundo Meerts et al (2006), a ausência ou atraso na produção de anticorpos neutralizantes em suínos aumenta a replicação do CVS-2, que é fator crucial na patogênese da SMDS (GRAU-ROMA et al 2009). A IPMC detecta a presença de anticorpo total e embora não permita a diferenciação anticorpos entre neutralizantes e não neutralizantes favorece a observação efetiva da resposta imune do animal frente à infecção viral.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Pesquisa de antígenos e anticorpos contra Circovírus Suíno II em suínos com e sem sintomatologia da síndrome multisistêmica do definhamento em granjas comerciais mineiras

et al. 2011

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Circovirus Suíno Tipo-2 (CSV-2) é um vírus não-envelopado, DNA fita única circular, classificado na família de Circoviridae, relacionado à Síndrome Multisistêmica do Definhamento de Suínos (SMDS) de leitões. A técnica de Imuno-Histoquímica (IHQ) é aplicada na detecção de antígenos do (CSV-2) em tecido lesionados. Entretanto, suínos infectados com CSV-2 assintomáticos ou com infecções subclínicas podem disseminar o vírus no plantel. A pesquisa de anticorpos contra o CVS-2 em porcos aparentemente saudáveis pode sugerir o risco de ingresso de vírus. Neste trabalho foram investigados antígenos e anticorpos contra CVS-2 de porcos de granjas comerciais de sete e oito mesorregiões de Estado de Gerais de Minas (MG). 32 porcos com idades de cinco a onze semanas que apresentaram sinais clínicos de SMDS foram necropsiados. Antígenos do CVS-2 foram investigados nos porcos sacrificados (grupo I) e amostras de demanda de diagnóstico (grupo II) pela IHQ. 7.60% e mais de 60%do primeiro e segundo grupo, respectivamente, foram positivos para antígeno viral. Em todos, marcação intensa de macrófagos e histiócitos, especialmente nos linfonodos e pulmão, evidenciou antígenos a CVS-2. Em paralelo, 955 amostras de soros de porcos de 35 granjas comerciais de ciclo completo sem sintomatologia clínica de SMDS foram investigadas para a detecção de anticorpos contra o CVS-2 aplicando a técnica de Imunoperoxidase em Monocamada de Células (IPMC). Todos os rebanhos de suínos (100%) apresentaram animais positivos (nível de confiança 90% a 100%) com freqüência de 96,6% de porcos reagentes (nível de confiança 94.7% a 98,6%). Os títulos de anticorpos contra o CVS-2 variou 1:320 (médio) a 1:10.240 (alto). Os resultados sugerem que pelo menos 2,66% e 9% dos porcos das regiões Triângulo Mineiro e Zona da Mata, respectivamente, nesta amostragem poderiam desenvolver SMDS clínica e esta porcentagem alcança 3,35% no total dos soros. Palavras-chave: Circovirus suíno tipo-2, antígeno (IHQ), anticorpos (IPMC) AbstractPorcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV-2) is a non-enveloped circular single stranded DNA virus classified in the Circoviridae family related to post weaning multi systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in piglets.

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“…From a case-control study in PMWS-affected farms, 16 33 animals with PMWS and 29 age-matched, healthy control animals were selected for the present study. The animals had been euthanized at 12 to 20 weeks of age, and tissues, including thymus and bone marrow, were harvested.…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, among the selected animals, thymus was too atrophic to be identified in 13 of the PMWS-affected animals, and in 1 healthy animal, thymus was not excised. The PMWS diagnosis, made by Grau-Roma et al 16 in accordance with accepted standards, 34 was based on clinical signs, presence of characteristic histopathologic findings of lymphoid depletion, granulomatous inflammation, and detection of moderate to massive PCV2 load in secondary lymphoid tissues (tonsils and mesenteric, superficial inguinal, submandibular, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes).…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Viral Replication by In Situ Hybridization in Primary Lymphoid Organs From Naturally and Experimentally Infected Pigs

et al. 2013

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). It has been speculated whether cell types permissive of replication are found in the primary lymphoid organs and whether infection of these tissues has an important role in the pathogenesis of PMWS. The aim of this study was to determine if primary lymphoid organ cells support viral replication during PCV2 infection. This was done by histopathological examination of thymus and bone marrow from pigs experimentally inoculated with PCV2 (n ¼ 24), mock-infected pigs (n ¼ 12), pigs naturally affected by PMWS (n ¼ 33), and age-matched healthy control animals (n ¼ 29). In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques were used to detect PCV2 nucleic acid irrespective of replicative status (complementary probe, CP) or to detect only the replicative form of the virus (replicative form probe, RFP). PCV2 was not detected in the experimentally PCV2-inoculated pigs or the control animals. Among the PMWSaffected pigs, 19 of 20 (95%) thymuses were positive for PCV2 by CP ISH, and 7 of 19 (37%) of these also supported viral replication. By CP ISH, PCV2 was detected in 16 of 33 (48%) bone marrow samples, and 5 of 16 (31%) of these also supported replication. The 2 ISH probes labeled the same cell types, which were histiocytes in both organs and lymphocytes in thymus. The RFP labeled fewer cells than the CP. Thus, PCV2 nucleic acids and replication were found in bone marrow and thymus of PMWSaffected pigs, but there was no evidence that primary lymphoid organ cells are major supporters of PCV2 replication.

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Infection, excretion and seroconversion dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected farms in Spain and Denmark

Cited by 99 publications

References 33 publications

Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Estimate the Usefulness of Pooled Serum Samples for the Diagnosis of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Estimate the Usefulness of Pooled Serum Samples for the Diagnosis of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

Pesquisa de antígenos e anticorpos contra Circovírus Suíno II em suínos com e sem sintomatologia da síndrome multisistêmica do definhamento em granjas comerciais mineiras

Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Viral Replication by In Situ Hybridization in Primary Lymphoid Organs From Naturally and Experimentally Infected Pigs

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