Infection due to Actinobaculum spp: Report of 12 patients in Spain

Salvadó, Margarita; Plasencia, Virginia; Segura, C.; Gómez, J.I. Esquivias; Medina, María José; Sáez-Nieto, Juan Antonio; Castellanos, Sandra Huicochea; Horcajada, Juan Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.06.013

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…A. schaalii is thus considered a uropathogen in the elderly, but the significance of this species in children is receiving attention (258,259). Cystitis, pyelonephritis, and urosepsis are the major forms of Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum)-associated infections; however, other types of infections, especially with A. schaalii, are increasingly being reported, including bacteremia, abscesses, cellulitis, spondylodiscitis, bladder necrosis, epididymitis, and endocarditis (16,(260)(261)(262)(263)(264). In a case of Fournier's gangrene, only A. schaalii was detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (265).…”

Section: Actinotignum (Formerly Actinobaculum) Species In the Urogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a case of Fournier's gangrene, only A. schaalii was detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (265). Despite improved techniques and targeted searches for Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum) species in urine specimens, only single findings of A. massiliense and A. urinale in urine or blood have been made (256,261,266), differing from the obvious involvement of A. schaalii in infections in, and occasionally outside, the urogenital tract.…”

Section: Actinotignum (Formerly Actinobaculum) Species In the Urogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actinomyces and Related Organisms in Human Infections

2015

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SUMMARY Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their clinical relevance is gradually increasing, and the spectrum of diseases associated with Actinomyces and Actinomyces -like organisms is widening accordingly; for example, Actinomyces meyeri , Actinomyces neuii , and Actinomyces turicensis as well as Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum ) schaalii are emerging as important causes of specific infections at various body sites. In the present review, we have gathered this information to provide a comprehensive and microbiologically consistent overview of the significance of Actinomyces and some closely related taxa in human infections.

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Section: Actinotignum (Formerly Actinobaculum) Species In the Urogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Actinotignum (Formerly Actinobaculum) Species In the Urogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinomyces and Related Organisms in Human Infections

2015

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“…1 Infection can range from cystitis, 2-6 to pyelonephritis 7 and bacteremia of urological origin. 2,[6][7][8] Isolation and identification of this species is difficult by conventional procedures, and it is often considered a contaminant. With commercial standard identification systems it is not correctly identified, probably because this species is not included in the databases.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Actinobaculum schaalii recurrent urinary infection in a centenarian patient

Vásquez

Marne

López-Calleja

et al. 2013

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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“…Urinary tract infections caused by A. schaalii in adults can progress to urosepsis. Other serious illnesses attributed to A. schaalii include osteomyelitis, endocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, bacteremia, abscesses, and epididymitis (4,5,6,7,8). A. schaalii infections, particularly in the urinary tract in both adult and pediatric populations, are frequently reported as polymicrobial (4, 9, 10).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Discrepancies between direct Gram stain and culture results under aerobic conditions may suggest Actinobaculum infection. Analysis of urine sediment revealed the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in most cases, but the organism does not possess the enzyme needed to reduce nitrate to nitrite, and the result for dipstick urinalysis is therefore negative for nitrites (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Answer to November 2015 Photo Quiz

Burd

Rebolledo

2015

J Clin Microbiol

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The Gram stain of material from the abscess showed many Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative coccobacilli. The organism that grew in aerobic culture initially presented as a pleomorphic Gram-positive organism with both coccoid and rod-shaped forms. After extended incubation, the Gram stain morphology appeared more consistently diphtheroid-like, with some branching. Based on the Gram stain morphology, the negative result for catalase, and the negative results for pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), the isolate was presumptively identified as Actinobaculum species. Matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy using the Vitek MS RUO system with Saramis SuperSpectra database version 4.09 (bioMérieux, Durham, NC) provided a good identification of Actinobaculum schaalii, with an 80.5% confidence value and a reference species proposed as a single choice. The identification was corroborated at the Georgia Public Health Laboratory using DNA sequence analysis of a 401-bp segment of the 16S rRNA gene, which yielded 99.6% homology with A. schaalii strain NR_040859.1 (http://www.ncbi .nlm.nih.gov/GenBank/index.html).The genus Actinobaculum was first described in 1997, at which time A. schaalii was designated the type species and Actinobaculum suis (formerly Actinomyces suis) was transferred from the genus Actinomyces. Actinobaculum urinale and Actinobaculum massiliense were added in 2003 and 2006, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships of Actinobaculum are not yet clearly established, but existing phylogenetic studies show the genus to be closely related to the genera Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium, Trueperella, and Mobiluncus (1). Actinobaculum grows best under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions and requires at least 5% CO 2 . These Gram-positive coccoid rods have a tendency to branch and may decolorize on a Gram stain. Actinobaculum grows very slowly, producing pinpoint gray colonies Ͻ1 mm in diameter, and may show weak beta-hemolysis on agar containing 5% horse or sheep blood after 2 to 5 days of incubation.A. suis is known to cause actinomycosis of the mammary gland, urinary tract infections, and abortions in sows. The Actinobaculum species that have been found in humans probably belong to the commensal flora of the oral cavity and genitourinary tract and may be present on surrounding skin (2). The elderly appear to be at the greatest risk for colonization (2). Prevalence of infection and pathogenic potential are undoubtedly underestimated, and there are increasing numbers of reports of Actinobaculum infections appearing in peer-reviewed literature. A few reports implicate A. urinale and A. massiliense as causes of chronic cystitis in elderly women. In addition, A. massiliense has been reported as a cause of superficial skin infection (3).A. schaalii is the most frequently reported species and has primarily been recovered from urine, typically as a cause of unexplained pyuria or urinary tract infection unresponsive to treatment with ciprofl...

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Infection due to Actinobaculum spp: Report of 12 patients in Spain

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Actinomyces and Related Organisms in Human Infections

Actinomyces and Related Organisms in Human Infections

Actinobaculum schaalii recurrent urinary infection in a centenarian patient

Answer to November 2015 Photo Quiz

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