Infection and Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing-Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Variants

Edara, Venkata-Viswanadh; Pinsky, Benjamin A.; Suthar, Mehul S.; Lai, Lilin; Davis-Gardner, Meredith E.; Floyd, Katharine; Flowers, Maria W.; Wrammert, Jens; Hussaini, Laila; Ciric, Caroline; Bechnak, Sarah; Stephens, Kathy; Graham, Barney S.; Mokhtari, Elham Bayat; Mudvari, Prakriti; Boritz, Eli; Creanga, Adrian; Pegu, Amarendra; Derrien-Colemyn, Alexandrine; Henry, Amy R.; Gagné, Matthew; Douek, Daniel C.; Sahoo, Malaya K.; Sibai, Mamdouh; Solis, Daniel; Webby, Richard J.; Jeevan, Trushar; Fabrizio, Thomas

doi:10.1056/nejmc2107799

Cited by 306 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To confirm these observations, we measured the neutralizing activity of the paired plasmas from naive individuals 2 and 5 months after the second vaccine dose against B.1.1.7 (alpha variant), B.1.351 (beta variant), B.1.526 (first isolated in New York City), P.1 (gamma variant) and B.1.617.2 (delta variant). Consistent with previous reports 12,[14][15][16] the neutralizing activity against the variants was lower than against the original Wuhan Hu-1 strain (Fig. 1k, Supplementary Table 3).…”

Section: Plasma Binding and Neutralization Assayssupporting

confidence: 92%

Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Evolution after mRNA Vaccination

Cho

Muecksch

Schaefer-Babajew

et al. 2021

Preprint

163

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection produces B-cell responses that continue to evolve for at least one year. During that time, memory B cells express increasingly broad and potent antibodies that are resistant to mutations found in variants of concern. As a result, vaccination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent individuals with currently available mRNA vaccines produces high levels of plasma neutralizing activity against all variants tested. Here, we examine memory B cell evolution 5 months after vaccination with either Moderna (mRNA-1273) or Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccines in a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals. Between prime and boost, memory B cells produce antibodies that evolve increased neutralizing activity, but there is no further increase in potency or breadth thereafter. Instead, memory B cells that emerge 5 months after vaccination of naive individuals express antibodies that are equivalent to those that dominate the initial response. We conclude that memory antibodies selected over time by natural infection have greater potency and breadth than antibodies elicited by vaccination. These results suggest that boosting vaccinated individuals with currently available mRNA vaccines would produce a quantitative increase in plasma neutralizing activity but not the qualitative advantage against variants obtained by vaccinating convalescent individuals.

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Section: Plasma Binding and Neutralization Assayssupporting

confidence: 92%

Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Evolution after mRNA Vaccination

Cho

Muecksch

Schaefer-Babajew

et al. 2021

Preprint

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Reduced NAb levels as compared to the wild-type virus have been shown against VOCs, especially against Beta variant, both after vaccination (12,(15)(16)(17) and nine (12) and twelve months (11) after infection. Similar reduction in NAb titers has also been reported against Delta variant from convalescent sera collected three to twelve months post symptoms or after vaccination (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Haveri

Ekström

Solastie

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Understanding for how long antibodies persist following Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provides important insight into estimating the duration of immunity induced by infection. We assessed the persistence of serum antibodies following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection six and twelve months after diagnosis in 367 individuals of whom 13% had severe disease requiring hospitalization. We determined the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-IgG) and nucleoprotein IgG concentrations and the proportion of subjects with neutralizing antibodies (NAb). We also measured the NAb titers among a smaller subset of participants (n=78) against a wild-type virus (B.1) and three variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2). We found that NAb against the wild-type virus and S-IgG persisted in 89% and 97% of subjects for at least twelve months after infection, respectively. IgG and NAb levels were higher after severe infection. NAb titers were significantly lower against variants compared to the wild-type virus.

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“…Nonetheless, all serum samples from vaccinated persons still had detectable neutralizing activity above the threshold of detection against the Delta variant. 30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant recipients: Immunogenicity and clinical experience

Peled

Ram

Lavee

et al. 2022

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation

169

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BACKGROUND The repeated waves of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the necessity to optimize vaccine responses in immunocompromised populations. We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a third, booster, dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant (HT) patients. METHODS The cohort comprised 96 adult HT patients who received a third homologous dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine 168 days after the second dose. The vaccine-induced antibody responses of both receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralizing antibodies were assessed in all patients, with a positive antibody response being defined as the presence of either IgG anti-RBD or neutralizing antibodies. For a subset of patients, T cell response was also studied. RESULTS The third dose was associated with a low rate of adverse events, mostly mild pain at the injection site. No serious adverse events were recorded, and there were no episodes of rejection. At 18 days following the third dose of the vaccine, the positive antibody response increased from 23% to 67%, with a corresponding increase in neutralizing capacity. The third dose elicited SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers >9-fold and IgG anti-RBD antibodies >3-fold of the range achieved after the two primary doses. Mycophenolate use, lower eGFR and higher C-reactive protein were independently associated with a reduced likelihood of generating an immune response. Importantly, a specific T-cell response following the third dose was evident in the majority of transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS An homologous third booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine gave overall consistent tolerability and a good safety profile, while eliciting humoral and cellular immune responses.

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Infection and Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing-Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 Variants

Cited by 306 publications

References 5 publications

Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Evolution after mRNA Vaccination

Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Evolution after mRNA Vaccination

Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant recipients: Immunogenicity and clinical experience

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