Infection and Spread of Alphaherpesviruses in the Nervous System

Enquist, Lynn W.; Husak, P J; Banfield, Bruce W.; Smith, Greg

doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60787-3

Cited by 291 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 420 publications

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“…BoHV-1 establishes lifelong latency in sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system after replication in mucosal epithelium. By analogy to its HSV and PrV alphaherpesvirus homologues, BoHV-1 is thought to penetrate the terminus of the sensitive nerves distributed in the infected epithelium [47]. It is then transported along the microtubules of the axons to reach the neuron body in the nervous ganglion.…”

Section: Latency and Reactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

et al. 2007

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-Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.

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Section: Latency and Reactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

et al. 2007

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“…Transsynaptic transfer to second order neurons is, however, severely inhibited, resulting in a dramatic restriction in neuroinvasion. gE, and to a lesser extent gI, are the predominant nonessential glycoproteins exhibiting this dramatic phenotype [32]. Other proteins which are required for cell-to-cell spread in culture are also essential for neuronal spread in the animal.…”

Section: Latency and Neuroinvasionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus: the virus and molecular pathogenesis - State of the art, June 1999

2000

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-Considerable progress has been made during the last years in understanding the molecular basis of protein function in pseudorabies virus (PrV), the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease (AD). Major topics have been the identification and functional characterisation of viral envelope glycoproteins and cellular virus receptors, elucidation of viral proteins involved in neurovirulence and neuropathogenesis, detection and characterisation of attenuating mutations present in and leading to successful attenuated live vaccines, and the near completion of the genomic sequence of PrV DNA. This review, which follows an article prepared for the 1993 AD symposium in Budapest, Hungary, will briefly summarise those recent developments and update the reader on the current state of the art in PrV research. Aujeszky's disease / pseudorabies virus / glycoprotein / molecular pathogenesis / tropismRésumé -Le virus de la maladie d'Aujeszky : virus et pathogenèse au niveau moléculaire -État des lieux, Juin 1999. Ces dernières années ont donné lieu à des progrès considérables pour la compréhension des bases moléculaires de la fonction des protéines du virus de la maladie d'Aujeszky (VMA). Les principaux sujets d'étude ont été l'identification et la caractérisation fonctionnelle des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe et des récepteurs cellulaires pour le virus, la mise en évidence des protéines virales impliquées dans la neurovirulence et la neuropathogenèse, la détection et la caractéri-sation de mutations atténuantes présentes et pouvant conduire à des vaccins atténués efficaces, et l'achèvement presque total de la séquence génomique de l'ADN du virus. Cette revue de la littéra-ture, qui fait suite à un article préparé pour le symposium de Budapest, Hongrie, sur la maladie d'Aujeszky (1993), va résumer ces développements récents, et faire une mise à jour, pour le lecteur, des recherches menées dans ce domaine. maladie d'Aujeszky / pseudorabies virus / glycoprotéine / pathogenèse moléculaire Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 99-115 99

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“…However, there is another HSV and PRV glycoprotein, gE/gI, that is involved in cell-to-cell spread but does not obviously function in entry of extracellular virions (reviewed in references 25 and 46). HSV and PRV gE/gI is a heterodimer of two glycoproteins, gE and gI, that functions primarily or exclusively in polarized cells or in cells that form extensive junctions with one another (i.e., keratinocytes, epithelial cells, and neurons), not in highly transformed cells in culture (21,22,25,86,98). In experimental animal models, HSV and PRV mutants lacking either gE or gI are severely restricted for spread in epithelial tissues and in the nervous system (14,20,21,68,86,87).…”

Section: Alphaherpesvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRV gE/gI and a second membrane protein, US9, which also contains tyrosine, dileucine, and acidic motifs (reviewed in reference 10), are involved in sorting decisions made in neurons (reviewed in reference 89). Elegant studies in the rodent nervous system have shown that gE/gI and US9 are involved in determining movement of nascent virions within the complex neuronal circuitry (10,14,25,44,(85)(86)(87)(88). There are many similarities between sorting decisions made in neurons and those made in epithelial cells, but there are also significant differences (14,21,68,(85)(86)(87)(88).…”

Section: Alphaherpesvirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%