“…[36][37][38] Another important potential source of contamination is the equipment itself, as inadequately disinfected instruments and accessories can harbor nosocomial and possibly highly virulent organisms, especially if the equipment is not completely dried. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] They can be introduced iatrogenically into the biliary and/or pancreatic ductular systems.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The sources of the infecting organisms are diverse and include the oropharynx, upper gastrointestinal tract and ERCP equipment and solutions. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Patients with obstructed bile ducts are at highest risk for developing septic complications following ERCP. [20][21][22][23] Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens and is recovered in up to 14% of biliopancreatic aspirates during ERCP, even in the absence of clinical bacteremia and extrahepatic biliary obstruction.…”
These results support the use of gentamicin in the contrast medium injected into the biliary system as an ancillary method to prevent post-ERCP sepsis.
“…[36][37][38] Another important potential source of contamination is the equipment itself, as inadequately disinfected instruments and accessories can harbor nosocomial and possibly highly virulent organisms, especially if the equipment is not completely dried. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] They can be introduced iatrogenically into the biliary and/or pancreatic ductular systems.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The sources of the infecting organisms are diverse and include the oropharynx, upper gastrointestinal tract and ERCP equipment and solutions. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Patients with obstructed bile ducts are at highest risk for developing septic complications following ERCP. [20][21][22][23] Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens and is recovered in up to 14% of biliopancreatic aspirates during ERCP, even in the absence of clinical bacteremia and extrahepatic biliary obstruction.…”
These results support the use of gentamicin in the contrast medium injected into the biliary system as an ancillary method to prevent post-ERCP sepsis.
“…The important risk factors of infections in GI endoscopy are the number of microorganisms present inside the endoscope or the growth of a biofilm, invasive endoscopic procedures resulting in tissue damage, compromised immune status of the patient (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection, neoplastic diseases, transplant patients, and immunosuppressive treatment), and the presence of infective foci (abscess and cholangitis) during an endoscopic procedure (79)(80)(81).…”
Section: Exogenous Infections Associated With Flexible Endoscopymentioning
SUMMARY
Flexible endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Contaminated endoscopes are the medical devices frequently associated with outbreaks of health care-associated infections. Accurate reprocessing of flexible endoscopes involves cleaning and high-level disinfection followed by rinsing and drying before storage. Most contemporary flexible endoscopes cannot be heat sterilized and are designed with multiple channels, which are difficult to clean and disinfect. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms on the inner channel surfaces can contribute to failure of the decontamination process. Implementation of microbiological surveillance of endoscope reprocessing is appropriate to detect early colonization and biofilm formation in the endoscope and to prevent contamination and infection in patients after endoscopic procedures. This review presents an overview of the infections and cross-contaminations related to flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy and illustrates the impact of biofilm on endoscope reprocessing and postendoscopic infection.
“…Übertragungen von Mikroorganismen durch Endoskopie sind spärlich dokumentiert [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Einer Literaturübersicht zufolge sind in den Jahren 1966-1992 bei endoskopischen Untersuchungen des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes 180 Übertragungen von viralen oder bakteriellen Erregern beschrieben, die zu Infektionen mit teilweise tödlichem Ausgang geführt haben [1].…”
Section: Infektionsrisikounclassified
“…B. Grunderkrankungen, anatomische Besonderheiten) und den Eigenschaften der Erreger ab [1,2,3,4,5,6]. B. Grunderkrankungen, anatomische Besonderheiten) und den Eigenschaften der Erreger ab [1,2,3,4,5,6].…”
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