Infection and Endoscopy: Who Infects Whom?

Addition of gentamicin to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) contrast medium towards reducing the frequency of septic complications of ERCP

“…[36][37][38] Another important potential source of contamination is the equipment itself, as inadequately disinfected instruments and accessories can harbor nosocomial and possibly highly virulent organisms, especially if the equipment is not completely dried. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] They can be introduced iatrogenically into the biliary and/or pancreatic ductular systems.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] The sources of the infecting organisms are diverse and include the oropharynx, upper gastrointestinal tract and ERCP equipment and solutions. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Patients with obstructed bile ducts are at highest risk for developing septic complications following ERCP. [20][21][22][23] Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens and is recovered in up to 14% of biliopancreatic aspirates during ERCP, even in the absence of clinical bacteremia and extrahepatic biliary obstruction.…”

Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy

“…The important risk factors of infections in GI endoscopy are the number of microorganisms present inside the endoscope or the growth of a biofilm, invasive endoscopic procedures resulting in tissue damage, compromised immune status of the patient (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection, neoplastic diseases, transplant patients, and immunosuppressive treatment), and the presence of infective foci (abscess and cholangitis) during an endoscopic procedure (79)(80)(81).…”

Anforderungen an die Hygiene bei der Aufbereitung flexibler Endoskope und endoskopischen Zusatzinstrumentariums Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI)

“…Übertragungen von Mikroorganismen durch Endoskopie sind spärlich dokumentiert [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Einer Literaturübersicht zufolge sind in den Jahren 1966-1992 bei endoskopischen Untersuchungen des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes 180 Übertragungen von viralen oder bakteriellen Erregern beschrieben, die zu Infektionen mit teilweise tödlichem Ausgang geführt haben [1].…”

“…B. Grunderkrankungen, anatomische Besonderheiten) und den Eigenschaften der Erreger ab [1,2,3,4,5,6]. B. Grunderkrankungen, anatomische Besonderheiten) und den Eigenschaften der Erreger ab [1,2,3,4,5,6].…”