Infection

Saigal, Gaurav; Nagornaya, Natalya; Post, M. Judith Donovan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53485-9.00019-2

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…During the last two decades, studies have reported associations between BGC and CMV, chronic active EBV, HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rubella virus, and Zika virus . Narrative reviews and textbooks have reported associations between BGC and Brucella sp., HSV, mumps virus, Neisseria meningitidis, Taenia solium, Toxoplasma gondii, and Treponema pallidum [2][3][4]6,7,17,38,41,[43][44][45][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Most original studies reported about congenital or perinatally acquired infectious diseases (CMV, HIV, rubella virus, Zika virus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Narrative reviews and textbooks reported an additional seven pathogens, which included Brucella sp., HSV, mumps virus, Neisseria meningitidis, Taenia solium (a tapeworm causing cysticercosis), Toxoplasma gondii, and Treponema pallidum [2][3][4]6,7,17,38,41,[43][44][45][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. The original articles, which were cited by the narrative reviews and textbooks, were published before 2002 and were therefore not retrieved.…”

Section: Other Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tuberculoma lesions [22,48,50,51,54,56,58], meninges [47,48]. Target sign: central nidus of calcification surrounded by ring of enhancement [47,49,56,58] Neisseria meningitidis Basal ganglia [7] Taenia solium…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In dead larva (small, calcified cyst containing an eccentric calcified nodule) in subarachnoid spaces in basal ganglia, convexities, parenchyma (especially subcortical-cortical junction), ventricles [6,47,48,50,51,54,56,58] Treponema pallidum Basal ganglia [7]…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious Diseases and Basal Ganglia Calcifications: A Cross-Sectional Study in Patients with Fahr’s Disease and Systematic Review

Snijders,

Peters,

van den Brink

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: It is unclear whether patients with basal ganglia calcifications (BGC) should undergo infectious disease testing as part of their diagnostic work-up. We investigated the occurrence of possibly associated infections in patients with BGC diagnosed with Fahr’s disease or syndrome and consecutively performed a systematic review of published infectious diseases associated with BGC. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated infections in non-immunocompromised patients aged ≥ 18 years with BGC in the Netherlands, who were diagnosed with Fahr’s disease or syndrome after an extensive multidisciplinary diagnostic work-up. Pathogens that were assessed included the following: Brucella sp., cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus type 6/8, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rubella virus, and Toxoplasma gondii. Next, a systematic review was performed using MEDLINE and Embase (2002–2023). Results: The cross-sectional study included 54 patients (median age 65 years). We did not observe any possible related infections to the BGC in this population. Prior infection with Toxoplasma gondii occurred in 28%, and in 94%, IgG rubella antibodies were present. The positive tests were considered to be incidental findings by the multidisciplinary team since these infections are only associated with BGC when congenitally contracted and all patients presented with adult-onset symptoms. The systematic search yielded 47 articles, including 24 narrative reviews/textbooks and 23 original studies (11 case series, 6 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies, and 2 systematic reviews). Most studies reported congenital infections associated with BGC (cytomegalovirus, HIV, rubella virus, Zika virus). Only two studies reported acquired pathogens (chronic active Epstein–Barr virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The quality of evidence was low. Conclusions: In our cross-sectional study and systematic review, we found no convincing evidence that acquired infections are causing BGC in adults. Therefore, we argue against routine testing for infections in non-immunocompromised adults with BGC in Western countries.

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