Infants understand the referential nature of human gaze but not robot gaze

Okumura, Yuko; Kanakogi, Yasuhiro; Kanda, Takayuki; Ishiguro, Hiroshi; Itakura, Shoji

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.02.007

Cited by 51 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These results demonstrate that infants encoded the habituation event as one in which the robot moved to reach their goal. Taken together, these findings add to the growing number of studies which suggest that when infants are presented with a robot equipped with perceptual features such as interactivity, including social eye gaze (e.g., Kanngiesser et al, 2015;Legerstee, Barna, & DiAdamo, 2000;O'Connell, Poulin-Dubois, Demke, & Guay, 2009;Okumura et al, 2013bOkumura et al, , 2013c, verbal communication (e.g., Arita et al, 2005;Okumura et al, 2013a), and human-like morphology (e.g., Kamewari et al, 2005), infants more readily construe the robot as capable of goal-directed behaviour.…”

supporting

confidence: 56%

Infants' perceptions of cooperation between a human and robot

Wang

Park

Itakura

et al. 2019

Infant and Child Development

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Cooperation is fundamental to human society; thus, it may come as little surprise that by their second birthdays, infants are able to perceive when two human agents are working together towards a shared goal. However, far less is known about whether infants view nonhuman agents as being capable of cooperative shared goals. Thirteen‐month‐old infants were habituated to a cooperative interaction involving a human and robot agent as they worked to remove a toy from inside a box. While previous research suggests that infants readily structure the actions of human cooperative partners as being towards a shared goal, surprisingly infants in the current study did not extend their expectations about cooperation when a robot agent was present. These findings contribute to our understanding of the nature of infants' developing notions of goal‐directed behaviour and are the first examination of infants' perceptions of cooperation involving robotic agents.

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supporting

confidence: 56%

Infants' perceptions of cooperation between a human and robot

Wang

Park

Itakura

et al. 2019

Infant and Child Development

Self Cite

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“…A test of reflexive cueing using both highly anthropomorphic and highly stylized robots showed that robots failed to elicit reflexive cueing in people, suggesting that robots are cognitively processed more like arrows than like faces (Admoni, Bank, Tan, & Toneva, 2011;. In 12-month-old infants, eyetracking reveals anticipatory eye gaze shifts in response to human referential gaze but not to robot referential gaze (Okumura, Kanakogi, Kanda, Ishiguro, & Itakura, 2013a).…”

Section: Differences In Human Response To Robot and Human Gazementioning

confidence: 99%

Social Eye Gaze in Human-Robot Interaction: A Review

Admoni

Scassellati

2017

Journal of Human-Robot Interaction

404

192

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This article reviews the state of the art in social eye gaze for human-robot interaction (HRI). It establishes three categories of gaze research in HRI, defined by differences in goals and methods: a human-centered approach, which focuses on people's responses to gaze; a design-centered approach, which addresses the features of robot gaze behavior and appearance that improve interaction; and a technology-centered approach, which is concentrated on the computational tools for implementing social eye gaze in robots. This paper begins with background information about gaze research in HRI and ends with a set of open questions.

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“…However, conclusions from this study are limited by the lack of statistical power (see Table 1), given the small number of cued trials (eight cued trials, p. 1986). In a similar line, Okumura, Kanakogi, Kanda, Ishiguro, and Itakura (2013) demonstrated that only a human gaze elicited anticipatory gaze shifts of 12-year-old infants, but robots did not have the same effect. On the other hand, Chaminade and Okka (2013) found that there was no difference in the magnitude of the gaze-cueing effects elicited by the head shift of a human face and of the NAO T14 robot face using nonpredictive cues (upper torso).…”

Section: Screen-based Paradigms Examining Joint Attention With Robot mentioning

confidence: 86%

Examining joint attention with the use of humanoid robots-A new approach to study fundamental mechanisms of social cognition

et al. 2019

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This article reviews methods to investigate joint attention and highlights the benefits of new methodological approaches that make use of the most recent technological developments, such as humanoid robots for studying social cognition. After reviewing classical approaches that address joint attention mechanisms with the use of controlled screen-based stimuli, we describe recent accounts that have proposed the need for more natural and interactive experimental protocols. Although the recent approaches allow for more ecological validity, they often face the challenges of experimental control in more natural social interaction protocols. In this context, we propose that the use of humanoid robots in interactive protocols is a particularly promising avenue for targeting the mechanisms of joint attention. Using humanoid robots to interact with humans in naturalistic experimental setups has the advantage of both excellent experimental control and ecological validity. In clinical applications, it offers new techniques for both diagnosis and therapy, especially for children with autism spectrum disorder. The review concludes with indications for future research, in the domains of healthcare applications and human-robot interaction in general.

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Infants understand the referential nature of human gaze but not robot gaze

Cited by 51 publications

References 34 publications

Infants' perceptions of cooperation between a human and robot

Infants' perceptions of cooperation between a human and robot

Social Eye Gaze in Human-Robot Interaction: A Review

Examining joint attention with the use of humanoid robots-A new approach to study fundamental mechanisms of social cognition

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