Infanticide caused by hunting of male bears

Swenson, Jon E.; Sandegren, Finn; Söderberg, Arne; Bjärvall, Anders; Franzén, Robert; Wabakken, Petter

doi:10.1038/386450a0

Cited by 208 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, even though density dependence has been documented in grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations (Shaffer 1983, Boyce 1999), compensation may not occur because when a male bear is removed the replacing male is likely to kill the cubs of females within its home range (Swenson et al 1997). Compensatory mortality is less likely to occur in species with high survival rates in the absence of hunting (Nichols 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Compensation of Predation and Harvesting

Boyce¹,

Sinclair²,

White³

1999

Oikos

217

213

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Compensation of Predation and Harvesting

Boyce¹,

Sinclair²,

White³

1999

Oikos

217

213

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“…For example, it is suspected that attacks by adult males on females, occurring under a male-biased ASR, are a major threat to population persistence of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) (35). In other species, social dominance, reproductive suppression, and infanticide are behaviors of adult males that similarly erode female fitness (21,36); these effects should be aggravated by male-biased ASRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex ratio bias, male aggression, and population collapse in lizards

Galliard

Fitze

Ferrière

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

353

438

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The adult sex ratio (ASR) is a key parameter of the demography of human and other animal populations, yet the causes of variation in ASR, how individuals respond to this variation, and how their response feeds back into population dynamics remain poorly understood. A prevalent hypothesis is that ASR is regulated by intrasexual competition, which would cause more mortality or emigration in the sex of increasing frequency. Our experimental manipulation of populations of the common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) shows the opposite effect. Male mortality and emigration are not higher under male-biased ASR. Rather, an excess of adult males begets aggression toward adult females, whose survival and fecundity drop, along with their emigration rate. The ensuing prediction that adult male skew should be amplified and total population size should decline is supported by long-term data. Numerical projections show that this amplifying effect causes a major risk of population extinction. In general, such an ''evolutionary trap'' toward extinction threatens populations in which there is a substantial mating cost for females, and environmental changes or management practices skew the ASR toward males.adult sex ratio ͉ Lacerta vivipara ͉ male behavior ͉ population extinction ͉ sexual coercion

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“…This research also demonstrates the potential for population models to highlight monitoring inaccuracies, particularly for difficult-to-census populations such as this transboundary bear population. Saether et al (1998) e Swenson et al (1997) f Swenson et al (2001) g Dahle and Swenson (2003b) h Frković et al (2001) i Zedrosser et al (2009) j Jerina et al (2003) k Dahle and Swenson (2003d) l No value for this parameter exists in the literature so a reasonable value was chosen in line with current understanding of bear biology …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we varied cub survival rates in order to mimic the effect of reduced survival as a function of male mortality, following Swenson et al (1997):…”

Section: Model Parameterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential impacts of changes in bear hunting policy for hunting organisations in Croatia

et al. 2013

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The brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Croatia is currently being managed through trophy hunting, with quotas allocated to local hunting organisations. Human-bear conflict is present at a low level, but any losses are compensated by the hunting organisations that benefit from bear hunting. Attitudes towards bears are generally positive, and the bear population appears stable, or even increasing. Croatia's current bear hunting policy relies upon both the ecological sustainability of the quotas and the economic sustainability of the hunting organisations. To address the first of these pillars of current policy, we used a two-sex matrix model of the bear population to investigate the biological sustainability of current hunting levels. The model suggests that if the annual allocated quota were fully realised, the population would suffer a considerable decrease over 10 years. A likely explanation for the mismatch between this result and the observed stability of the population is that the bear population size is underestimated. To address the second pillar, we quantified the current structure, costs and benefits of bear hunting to hunting organisations through an interview survey with hunting managers. We found that bear hunting is a substantial component of hunting organisations' income, supporting the other activities of the organisation. Croatia's recent accession to the EU will require changes in their bear management system, potentially stopping bear trophy hunting. Therefore, we assessed the changes in hunting organisations' budgets in the absence of bear hunting. Our results demonstrate that a loss of bear trophy hunting would result in a substantial loss of income to the hunting organisations. Moving bear hunting and compensation mechanisms from local management and responsibility to a more centralised system without trophy hunting, as suggested by EU legislation, will lead to considerable uncertainties. These include how to make centralised decisions on population targets and offtake levels for population control, given the uncertainty around population estimates, and on compensation payments given the loss of the current system which relies heavily on local income from trophy hunting, local relationships and informal monetary and non-monetary compensation.

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Infanticide caused by hunting of male bears

Cited by 208 publications

References 4 publications

Seasonal Compensation of Predation and Harvesting

Seasonal Compensation of Predation and Harvesting

Sex ratio bias, male aggression, and population collapse in lizards

The potential impacts of changes in bear hunting policy for hunting organisations in Croatia

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