Infant Vocalizations and Their Relationship to Mature Intelligence

Cameron, James; Livson, Norman; Bayley, Nancy

doi:10.1126/science.157.3786.331

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We might suggest that these two types of spontaneous expression (talking freely, and free expression with a musical instrument) have much in common, especially from a social perspective. Moreover, our results suggest that earlier findings (Cameron et al, 1967;Ostwald et al, 1970;Vuorenkoski, et al, 1966) concerning the relationship between infant vocalization and crying, and mental retardation/abnormalities, might also be applicable to instrumental expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…For example, a cluster analysis of Bayley's California First Year Mental Scale test data by Cameron, Livson and Bayley (1967) indicated that vocalizations were related to mature intelligence in girls. Furthermore, spectrographic analysis of infant cries has shown that in particular chromosome abnormalities, such as trisomy 13-15 (Ostwald, Peltzman, Greenberg & Meyer, 1970), and cri du chat (e.g., Vuorenkoski et al, 1966), vocal productions can contain highly diagnosisspecific features.…”

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring Relationships between Level of Mental Retardation and Features of Music Therapy Improvisations: A Computational Approach

Luck¹,

Riikkilä²,

Lartillot³

et al. 2006

Nordic Journal of Music Therapy

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The present study sought to identify relationships between musical features of music therapy improvisations and clients' level of mental retardation, using a computationally-based method of analysis. 216 improvisations, contributed by 50 clients, were collected in MIDI format. Clients were divided into four groups according to their level of diagnosed mental retardation: 1 = none, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = severe or profound. 43 client-related musical features were automatically extracted from their improvisations in the MATLAB computer environment and entered into a series of linear regression analyses as predictors of clients'level of mental retardation. The final model, which contained nine significant musical variables, accounted for 67% of the variation in clients' level of mental retardation. Specifically, level of mental retardation was best predicted by temporal elements of the music relating to note duration, note density, articulation, and amount of silence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring Relationships between Level of Mental Retardation and Features of Music Therapy Improvisations: A Computational Approach

Luck¹,

Riikkilä²,

Lartillot³

et al. 2006

Nordic Journal of Music Therapy

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show abstract

“…(Table 1 ) does not readily reveal communalities. Cameron, Livson, and Bayley (1967) report an r of about .25 between a cluster of Bayley scale items involving vocalizations and 6-yr. Stanford-Binet IQ. The basis for item selection was the age of the S when the icem was first passed, and the relationship held only for girls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Relationships between 8-Mo. Performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and 48-Mo. Intelligence and Concept Formation Scores

Gannon

1968

Psychol Rep

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Siu1imary.-6 measures of performance on the Bayley Scales of Mental and Motor Development at X mo. were correlated with 48-mo. Stanford-Binet IQs and the Graham-Ernhart Block Sort Test ( N = 384). All but one correlated significantly ( p < . O 5 ) with IQ (range . l 3 to .IS), while three were predictive of the Block Sort scores (range .I2 to .14). Scores derived from item analyses of the Bayley Scales and the 48-mo. tests also yielded significant correlations with later performances (range .17 to .28). Weighting items did not substantially increase relationships. These results are similar to previous data: there are statistically, but not practically, significant correlations between infant and preschool test performances.A major disappointment of the psychometric endeavor has been the inability of infant developmental tests to yield useful estimates of later incelleccual performance as measured by intelligence tests. Indeed, as Bayley ( 1965a) has pointed out, there is actually a negative, though insignificant correlation between scores obtained between 1 yr. of age and IQ scores ac adolescence. Even when the differences in age at which comparisons are made are shorter the results are not encouraging. For example, Catcell (1947) found chat measures taken at 3, 6, and 9 mo. correlated with 36-mo. Stanford-Binet scores .lo, .34, and .18, respectively. The older the child at the first test, the better is the prediction, and correlations increase with shorter periods of time between measures.This study is a report of an attempt to determine whether any portions of the NINDB Research form of the Bayley Infant Mental and Motor Scales ( 1965b) given at 8 mo. are associated with 48-mo. performance on [he Stanford-Binet (1960 Revisior,) and the Graham-Ernhart Block Sort Test (G-E BST) , a concept-formation tesr.

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“…There is evidence, too, that infants who are neurologically impaired or intellectually disabled are less likely to begin producing complex (syllabic) vocalization at the neurotypical age than their typically developing peers (Cobo-Lewis, Oller, Lynch, & Levine, 1996;Oller, Eilers, Neal, & Cobo-Lewis, 1998). Because there is continuity between babbling and speech, it is not surprising that strong positive correlations have been obtained between quantity and quality of vocalization in infancy and measures of intelligence in later stages of life history, including adulthood (Cameron, Livson, & Bayley, 1967).…”

Section: The First Negotiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emancipation of the voice: Vocal complexity as a fitness indicator

Locke

2016

Psychon Bull Rev

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Although language is generally spoken, most evolutionary proposals say little about any changes that may have induced vocal control. Here I suggest that the interaction of two changes in our species-one in sociality, the other in life history-liberated the voice from its affective moorings, enabling it to serve as a fitness cue or signal. The modification of life history increased the helplessness of infants, thus their competition for care, pressuring them to emit, and parents (and others) to evaluate, new vocal cues in bids for attention. This change elaborated and formalized the care communication system that was used in infancy and, because of parental adoption of social criteria, extended it into childhood, supporting the extrafamilial relationships that intensify in those stages. The remodeling of life history, in conjunction with intensified sociality, also enhanced vocal signaling in adolescence-a second stage that is unique to humans-and adulthood. Building on the new vocal skills and fitness criteria that emerged earlier, I claim that males with ornamented speech enjoyed advantages in their pursuit of dominance and reproductive opportunities in evolutionary history, as they do today. There are implications of this scenario for the mechanistic level of vocal diversification. Today, intentionality plays a role both in the instrumental crying of infants and the modulated vocalizations of adults. In evolutionary history, I claim that in both cases, spontaneously emitted behavioral cues elicited perceptible responses, giving rise to strategic signals that were sent, and processed, under a new and fundamentally different neural regime.

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Infant Vocalizations and Their Relationship to Mature Intelligence

Cited by 72 publications

References 6 publications

Exploring Relationships between Level of Mental Retardation and Features of Music Therapy Improvisations: A Computational Approach

Exploring Relationships between Level of Mental Retardation and Features of Music Therapy Improvisations: A Computational Approach

Relationships between 8-Mo. Performance on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and 48-Mo. Intelligence and Concept Formation Scores

Emancipation of the voice: Vocal complexity as a fitness indicator

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